The 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama , then the United States junior senator from Illinois, was announced on February 10, 2007 in Springfield, Illinois. After winning a majority of delegates in the Democratic primaries in 2008, on August 23, ahead of the convention, the campaign announced that Senator Joe Biden of Delaware would be a candidate for Vice President. At the 2008 Democratic National Convention on 27 August, Barack Obama was officially elected Democratic Party nominee for US President in 2008. He was the first African American in history to be nominated for a large party ticket.
On November 4, 2008, Obama defeated Republican candidate Senator John McCain of Arizona, making him elected as the elected President and first black American President. He is the third sitting US Senator, after Warren G. Harding and John F. Kennedy, to be elected President. After voting from Electoral College on December 15, 2008, and the subsequent certification by the United States Congressional Congress on January 8, 2009, Barack Obama was elected President of the United States and Joe Biden Vice President of the United States. State, with 365 of 538 voters.
Video Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008
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On June 3, 2008, after the introduction of Montana and South Dakota, he gained enough delegates to win a Democratic nomination for the President of the United States. His opponent in the election, Republican John McCain, crossed the delegate's threshold to be a clear candidate of his party on 4 March. On June 7, Hillary Clinton, Obama's remaining opponent in the search for a Democratic nomination, admitted defeat and urged supporters to support Obama. After a June 26 dinner in which Obama encouraged fundraising to donate to the debt-laden Clinton campaign, Obama and Clinton held their first post-primary event together at Unity, New Hampshire, on June 27th. During the first two weeks of July, the campaign runs a heavier schedule of fundraising events, taken from former donors to the Clinton campaign. Obama strategically has photographs made with financial experts Warren Buffett and Paul Volcker so that the public will consider him knowledgeable on Wall Street.
Maps Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008
Running mate
Obama's vice-presidential vice president has been the subject of speculation since the end of the primaries. In August 2008, some of the most popular options for the Vice President include, but not limited to, New York Senator Hillary Clinton, Delaware Senator Joe Biden, Indiana Evan Bayh Senator, Kansas Governor Kathleen Sebelius, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine, Retired General and former Foreign Minister State Colin Powell, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, and General Wesley Clark's retirement.
On August 21, 2008, Obama announced that he had made a choice for his partner, but would not reveal until August 23 who it was. The Obama campaign encourages supporters to register a text messaging system that will remind them when he announces his choice.
On August 22, KMBC News of Kansas City saw a bumper sticker from the "Obama/Bayh '08" ticket printed in Lenexa, Kansas. Three sources close to the local printing factory reported that the material was produced. Bumper sticker images are circulating on the internet. However, NBC News later cited sources stating that Bayh had been told by Obama's campaign that he was not his choice. According to an Associated Press report on the same night, Joe Biden was elected as Obama's candidate. The Associated Press report was confirmed several hours later, on August 23, on its official campaign website and via bulk text messaging to supporters. Obama chose Biden to become a vice president for three reasons: he could relate to a blue-collar American (he was from Pennsylvania - arguably a blue-collar country); he has many connections on Capitol Hill; and he has more personal connections in foreign policy than Obama.
Main events
Middle East and Europe Tours
In July 2008 Obama traveled to Kuwait, Afghanistan, Iraq, Jordan, the West Bank, Israel, Germany, France, and Britain. During this trip he met with various international leaders, including President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki of Iraq, King Abdullah II of Jordan, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, and Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the United Kingdom, as well as former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Conservative opposition leader David Cameron.
On July 24, 2008 he gave a speech in Victory Column in Berlin before the crowd estimated 200,000 to 240,000 people.
Presidential debate
There are three presidential debates between Obama and McCain. No third-party candidates or independent candidates are offered an invitation to join in any of the debates, as Obama and McCain are the only candidates for voting in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The Commission on Presidential Debates proposes, and the candidates agree, that two of the three 90-minute debates will be in informal format, sit, talk show, while the third will be in a city hall format that allows both candidates to go for a walk.
- The first presidential debate was held on Friday, September 26, 2008 at the University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi. The debate is held in a traditional debate format.
- The second presidential debate was held on Tuesday, October 7, 2008 at Belmont University, in Nashville, Tennessee. The debate is held in the city hall format.
- The third presidential debate was held on Wednesday, October 15, 2008 at Hofstra University, in Hempstead, New York. The debate is held in a seating format, talk show.
On June 4, John McCain proposed a series of ten town hall meetings along with Obama, both of which could be involved with each other. Obama in principle approved the idea, but later rejected McCain's proposal, offering a town hall event on Independence Day holidays and four performances alongside traditional style of debate. Hank Paulson, Treasury Secretary of President Bush, said Obama's understanding of the financial crisis compared to McCain is as widespread as "night and day". McCain's conviction was greatly reduced when Obama questioned his ideas about the financial crisis at a September 25 meeting at the White House with Bush and other congressmen. McCain has no advice on what he will do to improve the economy, especially the $ 700 billion (TARP) three-page bank recovery plan. Neither McCain nor Bush read it. Obama's confidence rose from that point. This is the turning point of the campaign.
Financial crisis
On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers financial services company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, starting a series of events that caused the Dow Jones loss of 4.4%, at the time of the biggest decline based on points in a day since the days after the attacks on 11 September 2001.The market share loss was subsequently surpassed by an even greater -7.0% decline on September 29, 2008.
On September 24, 2008, after the 2008 financial crisis, McCain announced that he suspended his campaign to return to Washington to help create a $ 700 billion bailout package for the troubled financial industry, and he said he would not debate Obama. until Congress passes the bailout bill. Despite this decision, McCain is depicted not to play an important role in negotiations for the first version of the bill, which falls short of part in the House. He finally decided to attend the first presidential debate on September 26, although there was no immediate action from Congress about the bill. His ineffectiveness in negotiations and his reversal in the decision to attend the seized debate to portray McCain as uncertain in his response to the economy. A few days later, the second version of the original bailout bill was passed by the House and Senate, with Obama, his vice-president Joe Biden, and McCain all choosing to measure (Hillary Clinton will too).
Saddleback Civil Forum
The Civil Forum on the Presidency is the back-to-back interview of US presidential candidate John McCain and Barack Obama by pastor Rick Warren on August 16, 2008, at Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, California.
Victory speech
After his victory, Obama gave his victory speech at Grant Park in his hometown of Chicago on November 4, 2008, before an estimated crowd of 240,000. Seen on television and internet by millions around the world, Obama's speech focuses on key issues facing the United States and the world, all echoing through the slogan of his change campaign. He also mentions his grandmother, who had died two nights before.
Fundraising
Obama's campaign fundraising broke the previous record for the president's primary and general campaigns, and has changed expectations for the upcoming presidential election. The campaign avoids the use of public campaign funds, collecting all the money personally from individual donors. In the election, the campaign committee raised more than $ 650 million for itself, and coordinated with the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and at least 18 state-level Democratic committees to form a joint fund-raising committee to raise and split tens of millions of dollars more.
Post-election fundraising continues for a separate transitional administration, called the Obama-Biden Transition Project, as well as separate ceremonial committees and celebration ceremonies.
Chronology
According to a report filed with the Federal Election Commission, Obama's campaign raised more money in the first quarter of 2008 ($ 133,549,000) than was raised in 2007 ($ 103,802,537). The campaign had a relatively small sum of $ 21.9 million in May, but then raised $ 52 million in June, after Obama was nominated.
On June 19, Obama was the first major party presidential candidate to refuse public funding for the election campaign because the system was created after Watergate. Obama is expected to collect $ 265 million between the announcement and election day.
By refusing funds for personal donations, the campaign was in a position to spend John McCain's time before the election. Had he signed the plan, the campaign would only be able to spend $ 84.1 million between the party convention in August and the general election in November.
Obama explained his decision to opt out of the public financing system, saying, "The current public finance of presidential elections is broken, and we are facing opponents who have become masters in this corrupted system game." Critics of the decision stated that the decision was contrary to earlier statements that he would seek to reach an agreement with McCain for public financing, and insisted that Obama's campaign received as much support from 527 unregulated McCain groups as possible.
On September 4, 2008, Obama's campaign announced that it collected $ 10 million over a 24-hour period after the reception speech of Vice President Vice-President Sarah Palin. The RNC reported a $ 1 million increase over the same period.
On October 19, 2008, Obama's campaign announced a $ 150 million fundraising record for September 2008. It surpassed the one-month campaign record ($ 66 million) for August 2008.
The campaign raises most of its money in the form of small donations through the internet, with about half of its revenue going to grow to less than $ 200. Both major party campaigns are regularly screened for abuse patterns and return or refuse donations beyond the legal limits, from abroad, from addresses that can not be tracked, or from a fraudulent name. After some criticism of Obama's campaign on conservative blogs, the Republican National Committee asked the Federal Election Commission to investigate Obama's campaign screening practices.
Branding
Logo
The Obama campaign is famous for its extensive use of logos. The logo, which consists of a circle, with a center showing sunrise above the field in the color of the American flag, was designed by a team at the Chicago Sender LLC design company. "We saw the" o "of his name and had an idea of ​​the rising sun and the new day," according to Sol Sender, now a strategist at VSA Partners. "The sun rises on the horizon intended to arouse a new sense of hope."
Slogan
The Obama campaign uses the slogan "Change we can believe" and the song "Yes We Can". The last slogan is shared with the United Farm Workers and is associated with its founder CÃÆ' Â © sar ChÃÆ'¡vez and is known among Latinos in its Spanish form SÃÆ' se puede. "Changes we can trust" has been used in parodies during and since the campaign. John McCain tried to criticize Obama by citing various controversial policy positions he suspected of taking and stating "it is not a change we can trust" alongside a banner that declared McCain a "leader we can trust". Because this campaign has been used for parody campaigns against old players as "changes you can not trust" such as by the LeftFootForward UK blog against David Cameron or by Economist against the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.
Poster of hope
The " hope " poster is a Barack Obama icon image designed by artist Shepard Fairey. It consists of Obama-style stencil portraits in solid red, white (actually beige) and (pastel and dark). Either the words " progress ", " expectations ", or " change " are under Obama's image (in some other word versions are used). It was created and widely distributed - as digital images, on posters and other equipment - during the 2008 election season. Originally distributed independently but with the approval of Obama's official campaign. The picture became one of the most widely recognized symbols of Obama's campaign, bringing out many variations and imitations, including some assigned by the campaign itself. In January 2009, after Obama won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stencil portrait version of the image was obtained by the Smithsonian Institution for the National Portrait Gallery.
Typefaces
His signature campaign type is Gotham, usually using uppercase letters with the use of Snell Roundhand script once in a while. Gotham was designed in 2000 by Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones, originally for the magazine GQ . Before Gotham, the campaign uses Gill Sans typography in uppercase and lowercase letters. Hoefler and Frere-Jones fonts, Requiem, are used for campaign logos.
Campaign song
"City of Blinding Lights" U2 is often played to anticipate Obama's speech during the campaign event. Bruce Springsteen's "The Rising" was also played very heavily during the campaign campaign. Stevie Wonder's Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours is often played soon after Obama's speech. Barack Obama personally requested Joss Stone in August to write and record the song of his presidential campaign, reportedly due to the fact that he appealed across racial boundaries. Ben Harper's "Better Way" was also played at several events throughout the campaign. Furthermore, Obama's candidacy inspires artists to create more unwanted music and music videos than any other candidate in American political history. Examples include "Yes We Can" by will.i.am, from band The Black Eyed Peas; "Make it to the Sun" by Ruwanga Samath and Maxwell D; "Barack Obama" by JFC; and "Unite the Nation" by the Greek/American hip-hop group Mass/Mass.
Technology
Obama is especially well known for his Internet use to rally supporters and make his policies known. He was the first US President to effectively use the internet and social media for successful political outcomes. His successful presidential campaign raised the bar and is now the president's standard.
"The integration of technology into the process of organizing the field... is the success of Obama's campaign," said Sanford Dickert, who works as chief technology officer John Kerry for the 2004 campaign. "But the use of technology is not the end of everything and everything in the cycle. partner, an enabler for Obama's campaign, bringing internet efficiency into real-world problems organizing people in distributed, trusted fashion. "
Obama's campaign is further strengthened by his opponent, John McCain who uses the internet on a limited basis. McCain does not have the Obama campaign organization, nor does it spend a comparable amount of money for this part of the campaign. Both the lucrative time and the use of online campaigns gave Obama a significant advantage over McCain.
Social Media
Through forums and social websites like MySpace and Facebook, Obama builds relationships with supporters, and supporters. He developed an upfront, personality and face-to-face quality that gave his supporters a sense of security and trust, inspiring them to rally others in their local communities. Obama's supporters themselves form a national community.
All his policies are available online, and updates are sent to his party's customers via email and text messages, ultimately making him the smartest current technology candidate, increasing his popularity among young voters.
MyBo
In early 2007, Obama's campaign launched a social networking site called my.barackobama.com, or MyBO for short, and recruited 24-year-old Facebook founder Chris Hughes to help develop their social networking platform and strategy. MyBo became the center of an online campaign effort to organize supporters.
The national community provides useful and effective tools, such as the Neighbor-to-Neighbor tool, which enables supporters to reach large numbers of people in a short time in their own communities, which in turn encourages campaigns for greater Obama support. An unprecedented communication strategy is the "online calling tool". Over a million calls are made from housing, personal laptops and desktops. Online communication causes Obama supporters to engage in social activities such as signing and door-to-door petitions for Obama's support, as well as discussing only their opinions on the policies and issues they support with Obama. As advised by campaign adviser Steve Spinner, the campaign grew "from zero to 700 employees in a year and raised $ 200 million." It was a super-fast, fast-charging operation. "
NationalField
In 2008, campaign staff were deployed in Georgia's long-shot battlefield state, reinventing the tedious and messy reporting process and gathering nightly data and intelligence through the campaign apparatus - making organizational work of the broader infrastructure of Obama's field faster measurable.. NationalField becomes an internal social network within the field organization, which is used to monitor the daily activities of broad grassroots efforts. This allows staff to share what they do and compare themselves with other staff. Unlike standard social graphs, where all users have access to all information, NationalField is based on hierarchical social graphics in which the higher level you are in the organization, the broader your view of the information below you.
This platform carefully reflects the team-building model of the Obama Campaign, which is often associated with Harvard Marshall Ganz organizers and professors in this case is a highly structured social network.
Data Selector
After trailing the Republicans for many electoral cycles in the use of micro-targeting, Obama's 2008 campaign was the first Democratic presidential campaign to benefit from the existence of national voter files. In 2007, DNC chairman Howard Dean concentrated on data collection and management by hiring a Voter Network and creating a Votebuilder database. Votebuilder creates a web-based interface for the database and allows the Obama campaign to provide local-level volunteer access to registered voters lists for their areas of responsibility.
Media campaigns
In October 2008, Obama was selected as the "Ad Age Marketer" of the magazine "Ad Age" by members of the National Advertisers Association for the campaign, surpassing Apple and Zappos.com. In post-election campaign analysis, the magazine praised "an understanding of marketing strategies and marketing tactics at the grassroots level, everything from audience segmentation and database management to the creation and maintenance of online communities."
Online advertising
Obama's web campaigns use consumer marketing to target individuals with information tailored to their predicted interests. Political communication to viewers is based on data collected about them. This data is collected by volunteers, surveys on the website and records of consumption habits. Website surveys take a short time to fill out and companies use A/B testing to determine which form is most effectively converted, led by the Analytics Director and team Siroker. More detailed surveys are requested and received via email. Records of consumption habits help campaigns make predictions about people based on statistical models. People receive messages tailored to their beliefs. Marketing based on consumer data also enables effective grassroots organization through the website. The data collected from the website shows who the most dedicated constituents are; the website tracks how often a person visits and when. The campaign team then targets and encourages activists in the contested and winning areas, such as through the Neighbor-to-Neighbor website program.
Television ads
Immediately after becoming a suspected candidate, Obama started a commercial biography campaign that emphasized his patriotism. The ads are spread across 18 states, including traditionally the Republican Alaska and North Carolina. Between June 6 and July 26, Obama's campaign spent $ 27 million on advertising, against McCain and the Republican National Committee for a combined $ 24.6 million.
In a September 15, 2008 interview with Good Morning America, Obama stated, "If we were going to ask about, you know, who has announced negative ads that are completely unrelated to the problem at hand, I think I won the contest quite easily. â € <â € <"What he means is that McCain has issued more negative ads.
Infomercial
On Oct. 29 at 20:00 EDT, the "American Stories, American Solutions" campaign of Obama's 30-minute campaign was broadcast simultaneously on NBC, CBS, Fox, Univision, MSNBC, BET and TV One, focusing on issues including health care and taxation. Infomercials then showed Obama's speech directly from Florida. Fox asked for the second part of Game Five of the World Series 2008 that was delayed 15 minutes to show the ad, and the request was given. ABC is the only major US network that does not show ads after hesitation during the initial approach and Obama's campaign then rejects the offer. Obama's ads got 30.1 million viewers across the network compared to ABC's Pushing Daisies which garnered 6.3 million viewers. Prior to this, the last presidential candidate to buy a half-hour ad was H. Ross Perot, who ran as an independent candidate in 1992. Obama's campaign also bought channels on Dish Network to screen Obama's 24/7 ads. Wyatt Andrews reported on "Reality Check" on CBS Evening News the following day with doubts over the factual accuracy of some of the promises Obama made in advertising, given the enormous government financial deficit.
Other Initiatives
Fight Smear
On June 12, 2008, Obama's campaign launched a website to counter what the campaign described as stains by its opponents. This site responds to issues raised about candidates, such as:
- Claims that he is not a US-born citizen.
- Describes his relationship with Bill Ayers.
- Claims that he is a Muslim and not a Christian.
Israel for Obama
Originally started by America-Israel at the end of May, the "Israel for Obama" campaign aims to deny allegations made against Obama about Israel and the Jewish community. This is done by getting support from Israel. When he traveled the Middle East from Afghanistan to Iraq, Jordan, and finally to Israel, they organized a small rally "Israel for Obama" for him.
Ira Forman, executive director of the National Jewish Democratic Council stated that "Democratic operations in the Jewish community are broader than I have seen in 35 years," Chairman of the Israeli campaign, Yeshiyah Amariel, and others such as the Jewish Alliance for Change and the Jewish Council for Education & amp; The study used YouTube to release video support from officials and normal people in Israel for Obama and his position (such as "Israel for Obama" and "the right person for the job.") In the last weeks of the election, the campaign used support from Israel. to fight smears that are spread online by bloggers. His success led to a Jewish-backed opinion poll for Obama to increase so that by the time of the November 4 elections, according to the poll, 77% of Jewish American voting votes voted Obama over 23% who for John McCain.
Political position
Obama has taken a position on many national, political, economic and social issues, either through public comment or his senate ballot record. Since announcing his presidential campaign in February 2007, Obama emphasized the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq, increasing energy independence (which includes the New Energy For America plan), reducing lobbyist influence, and promoting universal health care as a major national priority.
Opinion Polling
The day after Obama's acceptance speech at the Democratic National Convention, opposite the Republican Obama, Arizona Senator John McCain, announced the election of Alaska Governor Sarah Palin as his partner. Almost immediately, Obama/Biden tickets fell in a poll: in a Gallup poll of potential voters, McCain/Palin tickets gained 10 points. Erosion support for Obama/Biden tickets is mainly spoken among white women who previously showed strong support for Hillary Clinton. However, Obama returned and maintained an average national poll after 19 September.
The average RealClearPolitics of 14 national polls taken between October 29 and November 2 show a 7.3% average lead for Obama over McCain. Obama's highest support in the average poll was 8.2% on Oct. 14. Among the individual polls tracked by RealClearPolitics, Obama's highest support was recorded in a Newsweek poll conducted between June 18 and June 19 and Pew Research polls conducted between Oct. 23 and Oct. 26 showed a 15% advantage.
Gallup conducted a weekly poll of registered voters to measure support among candidates. The latest poll conducted between 27 October and 2 November showed 24% of Pure Independent support for Obama, trailing 32% in favor of McCain. Obama's Independent Support peaked at 33% in the week of 6-12 October.
The average of RealClearPolitics from four national polls measuring the favorable/unfavorable opinion taken between October 28 and November 2 shows average favorable ratings averaging 55.5% and 39.8% unfavorable. Obama's highest ranking in the average poll was 61.2% profitable and 32.5% unprofitable on 8 July.
On 3 November 2008, one day before the election, the RealClearPolitics selection map included throwing countries showing 278 electoral votes for Obama/Biden, the electoral majority, and 132 electoral votes for McCain/Palin opponents. Including throwing countries, Obama/Biden tickets lead with 338 votes.
Election day
On November 4, 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States, sparking celebrations in the United States and around the world. He earned nearly 53% of popular votes and 365 electoral votes. The percentage of popular votes is the best show for every presidential candidate since George H.W. Bush in 1988. His 365 voter vote was the best since Bill Clinton had 379 in 1996. He won Colorado, Nevada, Virginia, Indiana, Florida, Ohio, and North Carolina, all the countries won by President George W. Bush at 2004. In addition, he became the first Democratic candidate to win one of the voting votes of Nebraska since the state decided to split their electoral votes. He was the first candidate to be elected President without winning Missouri since 1956. Obama also received more votes than Presidential candidates in history, totaling more than 69 million votes.
63% of Americans who meet voting voting requirements, the highest percentage in fifty years. Obama won a 60-39 moderate vote and 52-44 independent votes.
Joe Biden also made history by becoming the first Roman Catholic to be elected Vice President. In addition, he was the longest serving senator to become Vice President, having served in the United States Senate for 36 years before the election. Biden also won re-election to the Senate, but only served briefly at the 111th Congress before resigning to succeed him as vice president.
Electoral sound certification
On January 8, 2009, a joint session of the US Congress, chaired by Vice President Cheney as President of the Senate and Nancy Pelosi as Speaker of the House, announced and certified the votes of Electoral College for the 2008 presidential election. Of the electoral votes of 50 states and the District of Columbia , Vice President Cheney declared 365 electoral votes for both Barack Obama of the state of Illinois and Joseph Biden of the state of Delaware and 173 electoral votes for both John McCain of the state of Arizona and Sarah Palin from the state of Alaska. Based on the results of electoral votes, Vice-President Cheney officially declared that Obama was elected President of the United States and Biden was elected as Vice President of the United States.
More than 25% of voters are races other than Caucasian, the first for America.
See also
- Democratic presidential candidate, 2008
- election of the Democratic presidential candidate, 2008
- President Barack Obama's campaign support list, 2008
- Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008
- The rhetoric of Barack Obama's campaign
- First Inauguration of Barack Obama
- Iowa Electronics Marketplace
- President Barack Obama Transition
- Democratic National Convention 2008
- Plans for the assassination of Barack Obama in Denver and Tennessee
- John McCain's presidential campaign, 2008
- Obama's presidential acceptance speech, 2008
- President Barack Obama's 2012 campaign
- List of US-United States presidential and vice presidential candidates
References
External links
- Official campaign website
- President Barack Obama's 2008 campaign, in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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