Renà ©  © e Richards (born August 19, 1934) was an American ophthalmologist and former successful tennis player on professional circuitry in the 1970s, and became widely known after male-to-female sex assignment operation, as she struggled to compete as a woman in the 1976 US Open.
The United States Tennis Association began that year requiring genetic screening for female players. He challenged the policy, and the New York Supreme Court decided to support it, an important case in transgender rights. As one of the first professional athletes identified as transgender, he became the spokesperson for the community. After retiring as a player, he coached Martina Navratilova to two Wimbledon titles.
Video Renée Richards
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He was born on August 19, 1934, in New York City, named Richard Raskind, and grew up, as he put it, as "a good Jewish boy" in Forest Hills, Queens. His father David Raskind was an orthopedic surgeon, and his mother was one of the first female psychiatrists in the United States, in addition to being a professor at Columbia University.
Richards attended Horace Mann School and excelled as a wide receiver for football teams, pitchers for baseball teams, and tennis and swimming teams. His baseball skills even led to invitations to join the New York Yankees, but he decided to focus on tennis. After high school Richards attended Yale University and became captain of the men's tennis team, and was regarded by some as one of the best college tennis players in the country. After graduating from Yale, he went to the University of Rochester Medical Center and specialized in ophthalmology, graduating in 1959 and undergoing a two-year apprenticeship at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. After the internship, he underwent two years of residency in Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital in New York. He played competitive tennis for a while and was ranked sixth of the top 20 men over 35 years. After his apprenticeship and residency, he joined the United States Navy to continue medical training and play tennis in the Navy. While serving in the Navy, he won both singles and doubles in the All Navy Championship, with a very effective left serve. During this time he was ranked fourth in the region.
Maps Renée Richards
Sex transition
During college, Richards began dressing up as a woman, who at the time was perceived as a perversion, and transsexualism was classified as a form of madness. Richards named his female person Renà ©  © e , the French for reborn . This struggle with sexual identity creates confusion, depression, and suicidal tendencies. She began to see Dr. Charles Ihlenfeld, a student of Harry Benjamin who specializes in endocrinology, transsexualism, and sexual assignment. After seeing Dr. Ihlenfeld he started getting hormone injections with long-term hope for life changes. In the mid-1960s he traveled in Europe dressed as a woman, intending to go to North Africa to see Georges Burou, a prominent gynecologist at Clinique Parc in Casablanca, Morocco, on sex change operations; However, he finally decided not to do it and returned to New York. Richards married Barbara Mole's model in June 1970, and together they had the son of Nicholas in 1972. They divorced in 1975. In the early 1970s, Richards decided to undergo sex assignment and was referred to a surgeon Roberto C. Granato , Sr., by Harry Benjamin, successfully transitioned in 1975. After the surgery, Richards went to Newport Beach, California, and began work as an ophthalmologist in practice with another physician.
Court case
After Richards disclosure of her gender assignment, the United States Tennis Association (USTA), the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and the US Open Committee (USOC) require all female competitors to verify their sex by testing their chromosome stems.. Richards applied to play at the US Open in 1976 as a woman but refused to take the test, and thus was not allowed to compete in the US Open, Wimbledon, or Italian Open in the summer of 1976.
Richards later sued USTA in a New York state court, accusing gender-based discrimination against New York's Human Rights Law. He insisted that participating in the tournament would be "the acceptance of his right to be a woman." Some USTA members feel that others will undergo sex changes to enter women's tennis. Sports Illustrated called Richards a "spectacular spectacle," and characterized his reaction to "as varied from shock to suspicion, sympathy, hatred, and more often than not, confusion." The USOC stated "there is a competitive advantage for men who have undergone sex change surgery as a result of physical training and development as men." Richards finally agreed to take Barr's body test. The test results are ambiguous. He refused to take it again and therefore was forbidden to play.
On August 16, 1977, Judge Alfred M. Ascione was found in Richards' favor. He decides: "This person is now a woman" and that requires Richards to pass Barr's body tests is "very unfair, discriminatory and unfair, and infringement of his rights." He further ruled that the USTA deliberately discriminated against Richards, and gave Richards an order against USTA and USOC, which allowed him to play in the US Open. Richards lost to Virginia Wade in the first round of a single competition, but made it to the finals in doubles.
Tennis career after transition
After moving to California, Richards played in a regional competition for his local club, John Wayne Tennis Club, under the name Renà ©  © e Clark. In the summer of 1976 he entered the La Jolla Tennis Tournament Championship, where he destroyed the competition and left handed a unique service and turned it off recognized. His old friend Gene Scott later invited him to play in his professional tennis tournament, Tennis Week Open in South Orange, New Jersey. USTA and WTA later revoked their sanctions for Open Tennis Sunday, and organized another tournament; 25 of the 32 participants withdrew from the Tennis Week Open. This was only the beginning of the problems Richards would face in attempting to play professional women's tennis, which eventually led to him suing USTA and winning. Richards played professionally from 1977 to 1981 when he retired at the age of 47. He was ranked 20th overall (in February 1979), and his highest ranking at the end of the year was 22 (in 1977). Her first professional event as a woman was the US Open 1977. Her greatest success on the field reached her double final at her first US Open in 1977, with Betty Ann Grubb Stuart - the pair losing close to Martina Navratilova and Betty StÃÆ'¶ve - and winning 35- more single women. Richards is twice semifinalist in mixed doubles (with Ilie N? Stase) at the US Open. In 1979, he beat Nancy Richey for the title 35 and more than a single title at the US Open. Richards posted a win over Hana MandlÃÆ'kovÃÆ'¡, Sylvia Hanika, Virginia Ruzici, and Pam Shriver. He then trained Navratilova to win two Wimbledon and was inducted into the USTA Eastern Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000. On 2 August 2013, Richards was one of the first classes to be adopted into the National Sports and Lesbian Sports Hall of Fame.
Richards has since expressed ambivalence about his inheritance, and comes to trust his past as a man giving him an advantage over his rivals, saying "After living for the last 30 years, I know if I had surgery at the age of 22 years, and then on 24 went on tour, there is a genetic woman in the world who will be able to approach me, so I have reconsidered my opinion. "
Retirement
After four years of tennis, he decided to return to his medical practice, which he transferred to Park Avenue in New York. He later became director of ophthalmologist and head of eye muscle clinics at Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. In addition he served on the editorial board of the Journal of Pediatrics Ophthalmology and Strabismus . He now lives in a small town north of New York City with his partner Arleen Larzelere.
In 2014, the wooden racket used by him was donated to the National Museum of American History, which was part of the Smithsonian.
Movies and books
In 1983 Richards published his autobiography, Second Serve, and in 2007, the second, No Way Renà © e: The Second Round of My Famous Life , in which he expressed regret over the kind of fame that came with his transsexuality - he said in 2007 that he did not regret going through the process of sex itself. Richards's first autobiography serves as a foundation for the Second Serve movie. Renà ©  © e is a 2011 documentary about Richards. The film is one of the anchor films of the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival and the inaugural documentary on ESPN on October 4, 2011.
Grand Slam singles tournament single
Male singles
(sebagai Richard Raskind)
Single putri
(like Renà ©  © Richards)
A = did not participate in the tournament.
SR = ratio of number of single tournaments won with number of tournaments being played.
Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December.
Grand Slam double tournament tournament
A = did not participate in the tournament.
SR = ratio of number of single tournaments won with number of tournaments being played.
Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December.
Full Grand Slam mixed tournament tournaments
See also
- List of selected Jewish tennis players
References
External links
- Renee Richards at glbtq.com
- Second Serve on IMDb
- Jew in the Sports biography
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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