"Hatikvah" (Hebrew: ?????????? ?, pronounced [hatik'va] , Arabic: ????? ?, Lit. English : "The Hope" ) is a Jewish poem and Israeli national anthem. The lyrics are adapted from a poem by Naftali Herz Imber, a Jewish poet from Z'zczÃÆ'³w (today Zolochiv, Ukraine), who was then in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria under Austrian rule. Imber wrote the first version of the poem in 1877, when he was the guest of a Jewish scholar in Him? I, Romania. The theme of the romantic song reflects the hope of 2,000-year-old Jews to return to the Land of Israel, restore it, and take it back as a sovereign nation.
Video Hatikvah
Histori
Hatikvah's text was written in 1878 by Naphtali Herz Imber, a Jewish poet from Zolochiv (Polish: i span lang = "pl"> Z? OczÃÆ'³w ), a city dubbed "The City of Poets ", then in Austria, today in Ukraine. In 1882 Imber immigrated to Ottoman-controlled Palestinians and recited his poems to early pioneer Jewish pioneers - Rishon Lezion, Rehovot, Gedera and Yesud Hama'ala.
Imber's nine-verse poems, Tikvatenu ("Our Hope"), were incorporated into the words of his thoughts and feelings after the founding of Petah Tikva (literally "Opening of Hope"). Published in the first book Imber Barkai [ Stellar Star ], Jerusalem, 1886 Before the founding of the State of Israel
Hatikvah was elected as the national anthem of the First Zionist Congress in 1897.
The Government of the British Mandate briefly banned its public performances and aired from 1919, in response to an increase in Arab anti-Zionist political activity.
A former member of Sonderkommando reported that the song was spontaneously sung by Czech Jews at the entrance of the Auschwitz-Birkenau gas chamber in 1944. While singing they were beaten by the Waffen-SS guards.
Adoption as national anthem
When the State of Israel was founded in 1948, Hatikvah unofficially proclaimed the national anthem. It was not officially a national anthem until November 2004, when an abbreviated and edited version was approved by the Knesset in amendments to the Flag and Coat Act (now renamed Flag, Coat, and National Law of Anthem).
In his modern translation, the official text of the song merely combines the first verse and holds the original poem. The main theme in the remaining stanza is the creation of a sovereign and free state in the Land of Israel, a hope that is largely seen as filled with the establishment of the State of Israel.
Music
The melody for Hatikvah comes from La Mantovana, a 16th century Italian song, composed by Giuseppe Cenci (Giuseppino del Biado) ca. 1600 with the text "Fuggi, fuggi, fuggi da questo cielo". His earliest known appearance in print was the collection of madila del Biado. It was later known in the early 17th century Italy as Ballo di Mantova . This melody earned a wide currency in the European Renaissance, with titles, such as Pod Krakowem (in Polish) Ã, , Cucuruz cu frunza-n sus [ Corn with leaves standing upright ] (in Romanian) and Kateryna Kucheryava (in Ukrainian) , this work is also known by its German title as Die Moldau (The Moldau).
The music adaptation for Hatikvah was set by Samuel Cohen in 1888. Cohen himself recalls years later that he had hummed Hatikvah based on the melody of the song he heard in Romania, Carul cu boi [ Cow Drives ] Ã, .
Hatikvah Harmony follows a minor scale, which is often regarded as a tone and unusual sadness in the anthem. As the title "The Hope" and the words suggest, the song imports are optimistic and enthusiasm overall.
Use in European sporting events
The Israeli national anthem is used in some European sporting events since Arab countries forbid Israel from participating in their own continental sports agency. In October 2017, after Tal Flicker won gold at the 2017 World Judo Championships in Abu Dhabi, officials played the International Judo Federation song, instead of Hatikvah sung by Flicker in private.
Maps Hatikvah
Official text
The official text of this national anthem corresponds to the first verse and changed the refrain from a nine-byte original poem by Naftali Herz Imber. Along with native Hebrew, transliteration and corresponding English translations are listed below.
Some people compare the first line of the refrain, "Our hope is not gone" (" ???? ???? ??????? ?"), For the opening of the song Polish nationality, Poland Not Missing ( Jeszcze Polska nie zgin ?? a Ukrainian nationality, Ukraine Has Not Missed ( ???????????????? ? e ne vmerla Ukrajina ). This sentence may also be the Bible's insistence on "Yehezkiel Dry Bone Vision" (Ezekiel 37: "... They say, Our bones are dried up, and our hope is gone"), describing the desecration of the Jews in exile, and the promise of God to redeem them and lead them back to the Land of Israel.
The official text of Hatikvah is relatively short; indeed it is a single complex sentence, consisting of two clauses: a subordinate clause of opinion condition ("During... Soul still misses... And... eyes still see..."), while independent clause determines the result ("Hope we have not lost... To be a free nation in our land ").
Text Tikvatenu
Below is the full text of the nine-stanza poem Tikvatenu by Naftali Herz Imber. The current version of the Israeli anthem matches the first stanza of this poem and the amended amendment.
Alternative proposals and objections
Religious objections
Some Jewish believers have criticized Hatikvah for lack of religious emphasis: Not mentioned about God or the Torah.
Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook wrote an alternative song titled "HaEmunah" ("The Faith") which he proposed as a substitute for Hatikvah. But he does not mind Hatikvah's singing, and actually supports him.
Objection by Gentile Israel
Liberalism and Cultural Rights , written by Avishai Margalit and Moshe Halbertal, provide a social scientific perspective on cultural dynamics in Israel, a country that is an important home for many diverse religious groups. More specifically, Margalit and Halbertal include various responses to Hatikvah, which they form as the original song of the Zionist movement, which holds the hope of two thousand years to return to the land ("Zion and Jerusalem") after a long period. exile.
To introduce the controversy of the Israeli national anthem, the authors provide two instances where Hatikvah was rejected because of the attachment it created between the Israeli minority cultural group and its religious politics. Those whose objects find the problem in the fact that the anthem is exclusively Jewish while most are Gentile citizens and have no relation to the content and implications of the song.
As Margalit and Halbertal continue to discuss, Hatikvah symbolizes for many Arab-Israeli struggles of loyalty that come with having to dedicate themselves to their historical or religious identity.
In particular, the Arabs of Israel objected to Hatikvah because of his explicit allusion to Judaism. In particular, the text references to the longing of the "Jewish soul" are often cited as preventing non-Jews from personally identifying with the anthem. In 2001, Saleh Tarif, the first Gentile appointed to Israel's cabinet in Israel's history, refused to sing Hatikvah. Ghaleb Majadale, who in January 2007 became the first Muslim to be appointed minister in the Israeli cabinet, sparked controversy when he publicly refused to sing the national anthem, stating that the song was written only for Jews. In 2012, Salim Joubran, an Israeli Arab judge at the Israeli Supreme Court, did not join Hatikvah singing during the ceremony honoring the resignation of chief justice Dorit Beinisch.
From time to time suggestions have been made to change the anthem or to modify the text to be more accepted by the Gentile Jews. To date no proposal has been successful in obtaining broad support.
See also
- The national symbols of Israel
- Israeli Culture
- Israeli music
Note
References
External links
- "Israel: Hatikvah", Anthem (audio with information and lyrics) .
- Hatikvah - Hadracha Guide , Jewish Agents for Israel .
- Israeli National Anthem - Hatikva , Jewish Virtual Library .
- ben Zion, Ilan (April 16, 2013), How romantic heavy poems and Romanian folk songs are combined to produce 'Hatikva' The Times of Israel .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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