Columbia, South Carolina

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Columbia is the second largest city and capital city in the US state of South Carolina, with an estimated population of 134,309 in 2016. The city serves as the administrative center of Richland County, and part of the city extends to Lexington County's neighboring country. This is the center of the metropolitan area of ​​Columbia's statistics, which has a population of 767,598 in the 2010 US Census, rising to 817,488 on July 1, 2016, according to the US Census estimate of 2015. The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States , which comes from the name Christopher Columbus.

The city is located about 13 miles (21 km) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina, and is the main town in the Midlands state region. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and River Luas, which joins in Columbia to form the Congaree River. Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina, state's largest and largest state university, and is also the location of Fort Jackson, the largest US Army installation for Basic Combat Training. Columbia is also located 20 miles west of the McEntire Joint National Guard Base site, operated by the U.S. Air Force. and was used as a training base for Fighter Wing 169 from The South Carolina Air National Guard. Columbia is also the location of South Carolina State House, which is the center of government for the country. In 1860, it was the site of the Convention of South Carolina Convention, which marked the departure of the first state of the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War.

Video Columbia, South Carolina

Histori

Sejarah awal

At the time of the European meeting, the residents of the Columbia region were the so-called Congaree. In May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto crossed what is now Columbia while moving north. The expedition produced the earliest historical record written in the area, which is part of the head of the Cofitachequi region.

From the formation of Columbia by the General Assembly of South Carolina in 1786, the Columbia site was essential to the development of the country as a whole. Congarees, a border fortress on the west bank of Congaree River, is the head of navigation within the Santee River system. A ferry was established by the colonial government in 1754 to connect the fort with settlements growing on higher ground on the east bank.

Like many other important early settlements in colonial America, Columbia was in the fall line of the Piedmont region. The fall line is the place where the river becomes unavailable when sailing upstream and where the water falls downstream can move the milling.

State Senator John Lewis Gervais of the city of Ninety Six introduced a bill approved by the legislature on March 22, 1786, to create a new nation capital. There are many arguments about the name for the new city. According to published reports, Senator Gervais said he hoped that "in this city we should seek refuge under the wings of COLUMBIA", because that is the name he wants to be called. One legislator insisted on the name "Washington", but "Columbia" was won by a 11-7 vote in the state senate.

The site was chosen as the capital of the new state in 1786, due to its central location in the state. The first State Legislature met there in 1790. After remaining under direct legislative rule during the first two decades of its existence, Columbia was founded as a village in 1805 and then as a city in 1854.

Columbia received a large stimulus for development when connected in a direct water route to Charleston by Canal Santee. The canal connects the Santee and Cooper rivers along the 22 mile (35 km) section. It was first rented in 1786 and completed in 1800, making it one of the earliest canals in the United States. With an increase in rail traffic, it stopped operating around 1850.

The commissioners designed the city with 400 blocks on the 3-km square along the river. The blocks are divided into many 0.5 hectares (2,000 m ² ) and sold to speculators and prospective occupants. The buyer should build a house at least 30 feet (9.1 m) in length and 18 feet (5.5 m) wide in three years or face a 5% annual penalty. The perimeter road and two streets are 150 feet (46 m) wide. The rest of the box is divided by a highway of 100 feet (30 m) wide. The width is determined by the belief that dangerous and unlucky mosquitoes can not fly more than 60 feet (18 m) without starving to death along the way. Columbus residents still enjoy most of the large wide road network.

The commissioners consisted of the local government until 1797 when the Street and Market Commission was created by the General Assembly. Three major problems occupy most of their time: public drunkenness, gambling, and poor sanitation.

As one of the first planned cities in the United States, Columbia began to grow rapidly. Its population is close to 1,000 soon after the beginning of the 19th century.

19th century

In 1801, South Carolina College (now the University of South Carolina) was founded in Columbia. The original building survives. The city was chosen as the agency's site to unite citizens of Upcountry and Lowcountry and to prevent youth from migrating to the UK for their higher education. At that time, South Carolina sent more young men to England than any other state. South Carolina leaders want to monitor school development and development; for many years after the founding of the university, training exercises were held in December while the state legislature was in progress.

Columbia received his first charter as a city in 1805. An intendant and six guards would rule the city. John Taylor, the first elected intendant, then served in both assemblies of the General Assembly, the two congressional assemblies, and finally as governor. In 1816, there were 250 houses in the city and a population of over a thousand. Columbia became chartered as a city in 1854, with an elected mayor and six councilors. Two years later, Columbia has a full-time police force and nine patrolmen. The city continues to grow very quickly, and throughout the 1850s and 1860s Columbia was the largest inland city of Carolinas. Rail transport has been a significant cause of Columbia's population expansion. The railroad that reached the city in the 1840s mainly transported cotton bales, not passengers. Cotton is the lifeblood of the people of Columbia; in 1850 almost all of the city's commercial and economic activities were tied to cotton.

"In 1830, about 1,500 slaves lived and worked in Columbia, the population grew to 3,300 by 1860. Several members of this massively enslaved population work in their master's household, and often hire slaves for Columbia residents and institutions, including the Carolina The college rented slaves sometimes return home to their owners every day, others ride with their temporary employers. "During this period," legislators developed state and local laws to restrict the movement of city slaves in the hope of preventing rebellion. Although the various decrees set a curfew and banned slaves from meetings and from learning to read and write, such a decision is difficult to uphold. " Indeed, "some pre-war records note that many of Columbia's learned slaves, some slaves even held classes to teach others to read and write." In addition, "many slaves attend worship at local Baptist, Presbyterian and Methodist churches, but some struggle to gain membership in these institutions."

Columbia First Baptist Church hosted the South Carolina Convention Convention on December 17, 1860. Delegates drafted resolutions in favor of secession, 159-0. The Columbia location makes it the ideal location for conventions and other meetings in the Confederation.

On February 17, 1865, in the last months of the Civil War, many of Columbia were destroyed by fire while being under the control of Union forces under the command of General William Tecumseh Sherman. Jeff Goodwyn, the mayor of Columbia, sent William B. Stanley and Thomas W. Radcliffe to surrender the city to the Sherman forces. According to legend, the First Baptist Church of Columbia was hardly defeated by the Sherman forces. The soldiers marched to the church and asked for sexton if he could direct them to the First Baptist Church. Sexton led people to the nearby Washington Street Methodist Church; thus, the historic building was saved from destruction by the Union army, and the sextons retained his work at the expense of the others.

The controversy surrounding the city burning began shortly after the war ended. General Sherman blamed the strong winds and retreated the Confederate army for firing a cotton ball, which had been piled up in the streets. General Sherman denied ordering arson, although he ordered militarily significant structures, such as the Confederate Printing Factory, to be destroyed. First-hand accounts by local residents, Union soldiers, and newspaper reporters offer a story of revenge by Union forces for the vital role of Columbia and South Carolina in leading the Southern states to secede from the Union. Today, travelers can follow the path of General Sherman's forces to enter the city and see the structure or remnants of the structure that survived the fire.

During the Reconstruction, Columbia became the focus of considerable attention. Journalists, journalists, travelers and tourists flock to the capital of South Carolina to witness the Southern state legislature whose members include former slaves. The city also made little rebounds following the devastating fires of 1865; light construction booms occurred in the first few years of Reconstruction, and the repair of railroads in remote areas created jobs for local residents.

After the Reconstruction, the Columbia Music Festival Association (CMFA) was founded in 1897, by Mayor William McB. Sloan and aldermen from the city of Columbia. It's headquartered in the Opera House on Main Street, which is also Town Hall. Its role is to order and manage concerts and events at the opera house for the city.

20th century

The first few years of the 20th century saw Columbia emerge as a regional textile manufacturing center. In 1907, Columbia had six operating plants: Richland, Granby, Olympia, Capital, Colombia, and Palmetto. Combined, they employ over 3,400 workers with an annual salary of $ 819,000, giving the Midlands an economic boost of more than $ 4.8 million. Columbia did not have a paved road until 1908, when 17 Main Street blocks appeared. Nevertheless, there are 115 publicly maintained street crossings at the intersection to keep pedestrians from having to cross the sea of ​​mud between wooden sidewalks. As an experiment, Washington Street was once paved with wooden beams. This proved to be the source of much local entertainment when they were flexed and washed away during heavy rains. The blocks were replaced with asphalt paving in 1925.

The years 1911 and 1912 were something of a construction boom for Columbia, with a $ 2.5 million development going on in the city. These projects include Union Bank Building in Main and Gervais, Palmetto National Bank, a shopping center, and major hotels on Main and Laurel (Jefferson) and in Main and Wheat (the Gresham). In 1917, the city was chosen as a Camp Jackson site, a US military installation officially classified as a "Artillery Substitute Depot". The first recruits arrived at the camp on 1 September 1917.

In 1930, Columbia was the center of a trade zone with some 500,000 potential customers. It has 803 retail companies, 280 of whom are food stores. There are also 58 clothing and apparel outlets, 57 restaurants and lunchrooms, 55 gas stations, 38 pharmacies, 20 furniture stores, 19 car dealerships, 11 shoe stores, nine cigar stores, five department stores and one bookstore. Wholesale distributors are located within city number 119, with one-third of them dealing with food.

In 1934, the federal courthouse on the corner of the main street and Laurel was bought by the city for use as Town Hall. Built from granite from nearby Winnsboro, Columbia City Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Designed by Alfred Built Millet, Federal architect of President Ulysses S. Grant, the building was completed in 1876. Millet, renowned for its design in the Executive Office Building in Washington, D.C., originally designed the building with a clock tower. Great cost overruns might cause it to be abandoned. A copy of Mullet's original image can be seen on the walls of City Hall along with early historic photographs of Columbia. The federal offices were transferred to the US Bankruptcy Court of J. Bratton Davis.

The Reactivated Jackson camp became Fort Jackson in 1940, providing the military installations of immortality desired by city leaders at the time. The fort was annexed to the city in the fall of 1968, with the approval of the Pentagon. In the early 1940s, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor that started American involvement in World War II, Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle and his now famous group of pilots began training for Raid Doolittle over Tokyo in what is now Columbia Metropolitan Airport. They trained the B-25 Mitchell bomber, the same model as the plane now resting at Columbia's Owens Field in the Curtiss-Wright hangar. The population continued to grow during the 1950s, having increased 40 percent from 186,844 to 260,828, with 97,433 people living within the Columbia city limits.

The year 1940 saw early attempts to overturn Jim Crow's law and racial discrimination at Columbia. In 1945, a federal judge ruled that the city's black teachers were entitled to the same wages as their white colleagues. However, in subsequent years, the state sought to peel many blacks out of their teaching credentials. Other issues are where blacks in the city are looking for equal rights and segregation (especially regarding public schools). On August 21, 1962, eight downtown chain stores served blacks at their lunch counter for the first time. The University of South Carolina recognized the first black student in 1963; around the same time, many remnants of separation began to disappear from the city, blacks reached membership in various city councils and commissions, and a non-discriminatory hiring policy was adopted by the city. These and other signs of racial progress helped to get the city's 1964 All-America City Award for the second time (first in 1951), and a 1965 article in Newsweek magazine praised Columbia as a city that has "escape from the doctrinal plague of apartheid."

Historic preservation has played an important role in shaping Columbia into the city it is today. The historic Robert Mills house was restored in 1967, which inspired the renovation and restoration of other historic structures such as the Hampton-Preston House and the homes associated with President Woodrow Wilson, Maxcy Gregg, Mary Boykin Chesnut, and noted the free black Celia Mann. In the early 1970s, the University of South Carolina began its "Horseshoe" improvement. Several regional museums also benefited from the increasing historical interest of the time, including the Fort Jackson Museum, the McKissick Museum on the campus of the University of South Carolina, and especially the South Carolina Museum, which opened in 1988.

Mayor Kirkman Finlay, Jr., is the driving force behind Seaboard Park improvements, now known as Finlay Park, in the historic district of Congaree Vista, and a compilation of the $ 60 million Palmetto Center package, which gives Columbia an office tower, parking garage, and Columbia Marriott, which opened in 1983. In 1980 saw the Columbia metropolitan population reach 410,088, and by 1990 this figure had reached about 470,000. The 1970s and 1980s saw an increase in skyscrapers throughout Columbia. In 1973, the Tower in 1301 Gervais was built. In 1983, the Hub in Columbia was built. In 1989, Bank of America Plaza was built. In 1987, the Capitol Center (BB & amp; T Building) was built, becoming the tallest building in South Carolina.

Recent history

The 1990s and early 2000s saw revitalization in downtown areas. Congaree Vista District along Gervais Street, once known as the warehouse district, is becoming the fastest growing district of art galleries, shops and restaurants. The Colonial Life Arena (formerly known as the Colonial Center) opened in 2002, and brought some great concerts and performances to Columbia. EdVenture, Southeast's largest children's museum, opened in 2003. The village at Sandhill shopping center opened in 2004 in Northeast Richland County. The Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center opened in 2004, and the new convention center hotel opened in September 2007. The Public-Private City Center partnership has been established to implement the revitalization of the city center and enhance the growth of the city center. In 2009, the latest skyscrapers in Columbia, The Tower at Main and Gervais, were completed. Mayor Stephen K. Benjamin started his first term in July 2010, and was the first black mayor in the city's history. Founders Park, the USC baseball enclosure, opened in 2009. South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team won two National Championships in 2010 and in 2011. South Carolina Gamecocks 2010 football team, under coach Steve Spurrier, earned their first appearance in the SEC Championship. A General Store opened in 2011. The Music Farm opened the site at Columbia on Senate Street in 2014. In 2000, Confederate battle flags were moved from South Carolina State House to Confederate monuments. On July 10, 2015, the flag was removed from the monument. The fall of the historic flood in October 2015 forced the South Carolina Gamecocks football team to move their October 10 home game. Spirit Communications Park, home of Columbia Fireflies, opened in April 2016. In 2017, the women's Gamecocks basketball team (under coach Dawn Staley) won their first NCAA championship, and the men's basketball team went to the Final Four for the first time.

Maps Columbia, South Carolina

Geography

One of the most prominent geographical features in Colombia is its autumn line, the boundary between the Piedmont hinterland and the Atlantic Coastal Plain, where rivers descend as waterfalls or rapids. Columbia grows on the Congaree River line, formed by the convergence of the Luas and Saluda Rivers. Congaree is a remote point of the river's most remote navigation. Falling water energy also supports Columbia's early plants. The city has taken advantage of this location which includes three rivers by baptizing itself "The Columbia Riverbanks Region". Columbia lies approximately halfway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Blue Ridge Mountains and is at an altitude of about 292 feet (89 m).

The soil in Colombia is well drained in many cases, with a grayish brown sand layer. The underground layers may be a yellowish red sandy clay clay (Orangeburg series), Norfolk chocolate clay clay (Norfolk series), or a strong brown sandy clay (Marlboro series). All belong to the order of land Ultisol.

According to the US Census Bureau, the city has an area of ​​134.9 square miles (349.5 km ² ), which is 132.2 square miles (342.4 km ² ) is ground and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km ² ) is water (2.01%). About 2/3 of Columbia's land area, 81.2 square miles (210Ã, km ² ), is contained in the Fort Jackson Military Installation, which consists mostly of unoccupied training grounds. The actual inhabited area for the city is a little over 50 square miles (130 km ² ).

Climate

Columbia has a humid subtropical climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen Cfa ), with mild winters, spring water, warm autumn, and a very hot and humid summer. This area averages 53 nights below freezing, but extended cold temperatures or days where temperatures fail to rise above freezing are rare. With an annual average of 5.4 days with temperatures of 100 ° C (38 ° C) and 77 days with temperatures of 90 ° C (32 ° C), the current promotional slogan describes Columbia as 'Famously Hot'. Precipitation, at 44.6 inches (1,130 mm) every year, peak in summer, and at least during spring and autumn. The average snow is 1.5 inches (3.8 cm), but the years do not accept snowfall. Like much of the southeastern United States, the city is vulnerable to inversion, which traps ozone and other pollutants in the region.

Very extreme temperatures have ranged from 109 ° F (43 ° C) on 29 and 30 June 2012 to -2 ° F (-19 ° C), set on February 14, 1899, although the latter is close from - 1Ã, ° F (-18Ã,  ° C) was recorded on January 21, 1985, and the University of South Carolina campus reached 113Ã, ° F (45Ã,  ° C) on June 29, 2012, establishing a new high state record.

Metropolitan Region

The Columbia metropolitan area of ​​statistics is the second largest in South Carolina; has a population of 817,488 according to the 2016 Census estimate.

County metropolitan Columbia meliputi:

• Richland County
• Lexington County
• Fairfield County
• Calhoun County
• Kabupaten Kershaw

The suburbs and the Colombian neighborhood include:

• St. Andrews, Richland County: Pop. 20,493 (unrelated)
• Seven Oaks, Lexington County: Pop. 15,144 (unrelated)
• Lexington: Pop. 17,870 (on Lake Murray)
• Dentsville, Richland County: Pop. 14,062 (not connected)
• West Columbia: Pop. 14.988
• Cayce, Lexington County: Pop. 12,528
• Irmo: Pop. 11,097 (partly on Lake Murray)
• Forest Acres: Pop. 10.361
• Woodfield, Richland County: Pop. 9,303 (unconnected)
• Red Bank, Lexington County: Pop. 9,617 (unrelated)
• Oak Grove, Lexington County: Pop.10,291 (unconnected)
• Camden, Kershaw County: Pop. 6.838
• Lugoff, Kershaw County: Pop. 7.434 (unrelated)
• Lake Murray from Richland, South Carolina: Pop. 5,484 (unconnected)
• Ballentine: Pop. 2,500 (on Lake Murray)
• White Rock (on Lake Murray)
• Chapin: Pop. 1.575 (on Lake Murray)

Nearby Area

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Demographics

At the 2010 census, there were 129,272 people, 52,471 total households, and 22,638 families living in the city. Population density was 928.6 people per square mile (358.5/km ²). There are 46,142 units of homes with an average density of 368.5 per square mile (142.3/km ²). City racial makeup is 51.27% Non-Hispanic White, 42.20% Black, 2.20% Asian, 0.25% Native Americans, 0.30% Pacific Islands, 1.50% of other races, and 2 , 00% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 4.30% of the population.

There were 45,666 households where 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.7% were married couples living together, 17.1% had non-husbands female households, and 50.4 % is non-family. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.9% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population is spread by 20.1% under the age of 18, 22.9% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% years or more. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 women, there are 96.2 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 93.4 men.

The average income for households in the city is $ 31,141, and the average income for families is $ 39,589. Men have an average income of $ 30,925 compared to $ 24,679 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 18,853. Approximately 17.0% of families and 22.1% of the population are below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% aged 65 years or older.

Religion

The Southern Baptist Convention has 241 congregations and 115,000 members. United Methodist Church has 122 trials and 51,000 members. The Evangelical Lutheran Church has 71 trials and 25,400 members. PC (USA) has 34 hearings and 15,000 members; The Presbyterian Church in America has 22 trials and 8,000 members. The Catholic Church has 14 parishes. There are 3 Jewish synagogues. There are 3 different Islamic schools that provide a place of worship for more than 600 Muslim families living in Columbia.

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Economy

Columbia enjoys a diversified economy, with major companies in the area being the state government of South Carolina, Palmetto Health hospital system, Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina, Palmetto GBA, and the University of South Carolina. The headquarters of Fortune 1000 energy company, SCANA, is located in the suburbs of Columbia, Cayce. Other large businesses in the Columbia region include Computer Sciences Corporation, Fort Jackson, the largest and most active US Army first entrance training installations, Richland School District One, Humana/TriCare and United Parcel Service, operating its Regional Center of Tenggaranya at Columbia Metropolitan Airport. Major manufacturers such as Square D, CMC Steel, Spirax Sarco, Michelin, International Paper, Pirelli Cables, Honeywell, Westinghouse Electric, Harsco Track Tech, Trane, Intertape Polymer Group, Union Switch & amp; Signals, FN Herstal, Solectron, and Bose Technology have facilities in the Columbia area. There are over 70 foreign affiliated companies and four Fortune 500 companies in the region. Gross domestic product (GDP) of the Metropolitan metropolitan area of ​​Columbia in 2010 was $ 31.97 billion, the highest among MSAs in the state.

Some companies have their global, continental, or national headquarters in Colombia, including Colonial Life & amp; Accident Insurance Company, the second largest supplement insurance company in the country; Ritedose Corporation, a pharmaceutical industry services company; AgFirst Farm Credit Bank, the largest state-based bank with assets over $ 30 billion (non-commercial banks are part of the Farm Credit System, the largest agricultural lending organization in the United States established by the Congress in 1916); South State Bank, the largest commercial bank headquartered in South Carolina; Nexsen Pruet, LLC, a multi-specialty business law firm at Carolinas; Spectrum Medical, an international medical software company; Wilbur Smith Associates, transportation consulting firm and full-service infrastructure; and Nelson Mullins, a large national law firm. CSC Financial Services Group, the premier provider of software and outsourcing services for the insurance industry, is headquartered on the outskirts of Columbia, Blythewood.

City of downtown renovation

Columbia City recently completed a number of city rebuilding projects and has several more plans. Historic Congaree Vista, a 1,200-acre district (5km ² ) operating from the central business district to Congaree River, featuring a number of historic buildings that have been rehabilitated since revitalization began in the late 1980s. Of note is the adaptive reuse of the Confederate Printing Factory at Gervais and Huger, used to print Confederate bills during the American Civil War. The city works closely with the Publix grocery store to maintain its look. It won the Columbia award from the International Downtown Association. The Vista District is also home to the region's convention center and the anchor of the Hilton hotel with Ruth's Chris Steakhouse restaurant. Other significant developments under construction and recently completed include top-end condominiums and townhomes, hotels, and mixed structures.

The old building lined the main street of Vista, Gervais Street, is now home to art galleries, restaurants, unique shops, and professional office space. Towards the end of Gervais is the South Carolina State Museum and EdVenture Children's Museum. Private student housing and some housing projects will rise nearby; the construction of CanalSide on the old site of the old Penitentiary, is the highest profile. At full development, the construction will have 750 residential units and provide access to the waters of Columbia. Lady Street between Huger and Assembly streets in Vista and the Five Points neighborhood has undergone beauty projects, mostly consisting of replacing curbs and gutters, and adding paved and paved brick sidewalks.

Movies filmed in the Columbia area include Programs, Renaissance Man, Hunter, Death Penalty, A Man Named Joe, and Sometimes Love/Nailing.

Venues

Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center

The Metropolitan Convention Center of Columbia, which opened in September 2004 as the only downtown convention center in South Carolina, is a 142,500 square foot facility (13,240 m ² ), a modern, sophisticated facility designed to host home to various meetings and conventions. Located in the historic district of Congaree Vista, this facility is close to restaurants, antique and special shops, art galleries and popular nightspots. The main exhibition hall contains nearly 25,000 square feet (2,300m ² ) space; The Columbia Ballroom is over 18,000 square feet (1,700 m ² ); and five meeting rooms ranging from 1500 to 4,000 square feet (400 m ² ) adding another 15,000 square feet (1,400 m ² ) space. The facility is located next to the Colonial Life Arena.

Koger Art Center

Koger Center for the Arts provides Columbia with theater, music and dance performances that range from local action to global action. The facility has 2,256 people. The center is named for philanthropist Ira and Nancy Koger, who made a huge donation of personal funds and the company for a $ 15 million central development. The first show at the Koger Center was awarded by the London Philharmonic Orchestra and took place on Saturday, January 14, 1989. The facility is known for organizing events from the State of State Address to the South Carolina Body Building Championship and the South Carolina Science Fair.

Carolina Coliseum

The Carolina Coliseum, which opened in 1968, is a 12,401 seater facility that originally served as the home of the USC Gamecocks basketball team. The arena can be easily adapted to serve other entertainment purposes, including concerts, car shows, circuses, ice shows, and other popular events. The versatility and quality of the coliseum at one time allowed the university to use facilities to perform art events such as Boston Pops, Chicago Symphony, Feld Ballet, and other performances by important artists. Acoustic shells and sophisticated lighting systems help the coliseum in presenting these activities. The Coliseum is the home of Columbia Inferno, the ECHL team. However, since the construction of the Colonial Life Arena in 2002, the coliseum is no longer used for basketball, but is still used as a classroom for the School of Journalism and Hospitality, Retail, and Sports Management.

Township Auditorium

The Township Auditorium can accommodate 3,099 capacity and is located in downtown Columbia. The Georgian Revival building was designed by Columbia Lafaye and Lafaye architecture firms and was built in 1930. Township has hosted thousands of events ranging from concerts to conventions to wrestling matches. The auditorium is listed in the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 2005, and recently underwent extensive interior and exterior renovations worth $ 12 million.

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Sports

The most popular sport in Columbia is a sports program at the University of South Carolina. Columbia also offers league, semi-pro, and minor amateur sports. In April 2017 the women's Gamecocks basketball team won the NCAA national championship, defeating Mississippi State 67-55.

Columbia also hosted the 1996 and 2000 US Olympic Pioneering Trials and the 2007 Junior Wildwater World Championships, featuring many canoe and kayak racers from Europe. The Colonial Life Arena also hosts an NBA exhibition game.

Sports venue

The Williams-Brice Stadium is home to the USC Gamecocks football team and is the 24th largest college football stadium in the country. It seats 80,250 people and is located just south of downtown Columbia. The stadium was built in 1934 with the help of the federal Employment Progress grant fund, and initially sat 17,600. His real name was Carolina Stadium, but on 9 September 1972, his name was replaced in honor of the Williams and Brice families. Mrs. Martha Williams-Brice has left much of her land to the university for the renovation and expansion of the stadium. Her husband, Thomas H. Brice, played soccer for the university from 1922 to 1924.

Colonial Life Arena, opened in 2002, is the main arena and entertainment facility in Columbia. Seating 18,000 for college basketball, it is the largest arena in South Carolina state, and the nation's tenth largest campus basketball facility in the country, serves as home to the men's and women's USC Gamecocks basketball team. Located on the campus of the University of South Carolina, this facility features 41 suites, four suites of entertainment, and the Frank McGuire Club, a fully equipped hospitality room with a capacity of 300. The facility has a cushioned seating, sound system and four video-side scoreboards.

The $ 13 million Charlie W. Johnson Stadium is the home of soccer and soccer Benedict College. The structure is completed and dedicated in 2006 and seats 11,000 with a maximum capacity of 16,000.

The Founders Park opened in 2009. The 8,400 permanent seats for college baseball and 1,000 extra for standing room only, it is the largest baseball stadium in the state of South Carolina, and serves as the home of the University of South Carolina Gamecocks' baseball team. Located near Granby Park near downtown Columbia, it features an entertainment suite, picnic area and deck. The facility is also equipped with sound system and scoreboard.

On January 6, 2015, the developers made a breakthrough at the $ 37 million Spirit of Communication Park. The stadium is home to Columbia Fireflies, a Little League Baseball team playing in the South Atlantic League. Opened in April 2016 and can accommodate up to 7,501 people. Columbia has been without a small baseball league since City Capital Bomber moved to Greenville, South Carolina, in 2004.

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Parks and recreation

The region's most popular park, Finlay Park has hosted almost everything from political festivals and parades to street races and Easter Sunrise services. This 18 acre (73,000 m ² ) park has two lives; first dedicated in 1859 as Sidney Park, named in honor of Algernon Sidney Johnson, a member of the Columbia City Council, the park is experiencing a famous but brief tenure. The park fell into disrepair after the Civil War and served as a site for commercial ventures until the end of the 20th century. In 1990, the park reopened. It serves as a site for events such as Children's Day, The Summer Concert Series, plus many more activities. In 1992, the park was renamed Finlay Park, in honor of Kirkman Finlay, a pastor of Columbia's past whose vision was to revive the historic Congaree Vista district between Main Street and the river, and recreate the site formerly known as Sidney Park.

Memorial Park is a 4 acre (16,000 m 2) supercar in Congaree Vista between Main Street and the river. This property is bordered by Hampton, Gadsden, Washington, and Wayne Streets and one block south of Finlay Park. The park was made to serve as a memorial for those who served their country and currently has a monument that honors USS Columbia warships and those who serve with him during World War II, China-Burma-India Theater World War II veterans, victims of Pearl Attack Harbor December 7, 1941, originally from South Carolina, a survivor of the Holocaust survivors in South Carolina and liberation camp from South Carolina, and Veterans of the Vietnam National War. The park was ordained in November 1986 along with the opening of South Carolina South Monument. In June 2000, the Korean War Memorial was dedicated to the Memorial Park. In November 2014, native Colombian and Boston residents, Henry Crede, gave a bronze statue and a square in a park dedicated to his WWII colleagues who served in the Navy from South Carolina.

Granby Park opened in November 1998 as a gateway to rivers in Columbia, adding another access to the many river activities available to residents. Granby is part of the Three Rivers Greenway, a green space system along the banks of the river at Columbia, adding another section to the long-term plan and finally connecting to the existing Riverfront Park. Granby is a 24 acre linear park (97,000 m ² ) with canoe access points, fishing grounds, bridges and ½ mile nature trail along the banks of the Congaree River.

In the Five Points district of downtown Columbia is a park dedicated to the legacy and memory of America's most famous civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr. Park. Formerly known as the Garden Valley, it has historically been known to be largely confined to whites. Renamed the park after Martin Luther King Jr. in the late 1980s was seen as a progressive and unifying event on behalf of cities, civil groups, and local residents. The park has a beautiful water sculpture and community center. The integral element of the park is the Stone of Hope monument, inaugurated in January 1996. Above this monument is written part of the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech: "History is full of the ruins of nations and pursuing individuals themselves. " beat the path of hatred. Love is the key to the solution of the world's problems. "

One of Columbia's greatest assets is Riverbanks Zoo & amp; Garden. Riverbanks Zoo is a haven for over 2,000 animals housed in natural habitats along the Saluda River. Just across the river, the 70-acre botanical garden (280,000 m ² ) is reserved for parks, forests, crop collections, and historic ruins. Riverbanks has been named one of America's best zoos and no tourist attraction. 1 in the Southeast. It attracted over one million visitors in 2009.

Located along the winding Congaree River in central South Carolina, Congaree National Park is a place to fight for trees, ancient forest landscapes, and a variety of plants and animals. This 22,200 acre (90 km km) park protects the remaining highland hardwood forests in the United States. This park is an international biosphere reserve. Known for its lofty hardwood and pine, this floodplain forest in the park is one of the world's tallest canopies and some of the tallest trees in the eastern United States. Congaree National Park provides a sanctuary for plants and animals, a place of research for scientists, and a place to walk and relax in a serene wilderness setting.

Sesquicentennial State Park is a 1,419 acre (6 km) park, featuring a 30 acre (120,000 m ² ) lake surrounded by walkways and picnic areas. The park's distance to downtown Columbia and three major interstate highways attract both locals and tourists alike. Sesquicentennial is often the site of family reunions and camping groups. The interpretative nature program is the main attraction to the park. The park also contains a two-story wooden house, built in the mid-18th century, which was relocated to the park in 1969. The house is believed to be the oldest still standing in Richland County. The park was originally built by the Civil Conservation Corps in the 1930s. Their proof of expertise still exists today.

In November 1996, the River Alliance proposed that a 12 miles (19 km) linear park system be made to connect people with their rivers. It is named Three Rivers Greenway, and an estimated $ 18 million expense is approved by member governments (Cayce, Columbia and West Columbia towns) provided that the Alliance recommends an acceptable funding strategy.

While the funding process is in progress, the Columbia city site in Congaree River offers the opportunity to become a pilot project for Three Rivers Greenway. The Alliance is required to design and permit the construction by the general contractor of this component. Segment about half a mile from the system was opened in November 1998. It is complete with 8-foot wide (2.4 m) wide concrete ramps, vandal-proof lighting, dumpster, fountain, picnic bench, scenery, bank fishing access, canoe/kayak access, public toilets and parking. This sets the standard for common elements throughout the system. Finally, the path will run from Granby to Riverbanks Zoo. Sailors, athletes and fishermen will have access to the area, and the use of additional recreation is planned along miles from the riverbank.

Running alongside the historic Columbia Canal, Riverfront Park has a two and a half mile track. Spanning the canal is an old railroad bridge now a sidewalk pavement. This park is popular for walking, running, cycling, and fishing. Picnic tables and benches filled the path. Markers are located along the road so visitors can measure distance. This park is part of the Palmetto Trail, hiking and biking trails stretching across the state, from Greenville to Charleston.

The following are some of the things that you can call:

• W. Gordon Belser Arboretum
• Maxcy Gregg Park
• Hyatt Park
• Taman Earlewood
• Granby Park
• Owens Field Park
• Guignard Park
• Southeast Park
• Harbison State Forest

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Pemerintah

The city of Columbia has a board-manager form of government. The mayor and city council are elected every four years, regardless of time. Elections are held in spring and even numbered years. Unlike other mayors in the council-manager system, the mayor of Columbia has the power to veto the ordinances endorsed by the council; the veto may be ruled out by a two-thirds majority of the council, appointing a city manager to serve as chief administrative officer. The current mayor is Stephen K. Benjamin, who replaced the old mayor and fellow Democrat Bob Coble in 2010. Teresa Wilson is the current city manager.

The city council consists of six members, four from the district and two elected in general. The city council is responsible for making policies and enacting laws, rules and regulations to provide for society and future economic growth, in addition to providing the necessary support for the efficient and efficient operation of city services.

At-Large

• Tameika Isaac Devine
• Howard Duvall Jr.

Kabupaten

• 1: Sam Davis
• 2: Edward McDowell, Jr.
• 3: Moe Baddourah
• 4: Daniel J. Rickenmann

View related articles of Mayor in Columbia, South Carolina

The city police is the Columbia Police Department. The police chief answered the city manager. Currently, the police chief is W.H. "Skip" Holbrook; Holbrook was inaugurated on April 11, 2014.

The South Carolina Department of Corrections, headquartered in Columbia, operates several prisons in Columbia. They include the Wide River Correctional Institution, the Goodman Correctional Institution, the Camille Griffin Graham Penitentiary, the Stevenson Prison Correctional Center, and the Campbell Pre-Release Center. Graham overshadowed the death line of women in the state. The South Carolina state execution room is located on Broad River. From 1990 to 1997, Broad River became the place where men fall.

Military installations

• Fort Jackson is the largest US Army training post.
• The McEntire Joint National Guard Station is under the command of the South Carolina National Air Guard.

src: c8.alamy.com

Education

Colleges and universities

Columbia is home to the main campus of the University of South Carolina, hired in 1801 as South Carolina College and in 1906 as the University of South Carolina. The university has 350 degree programs and enrolls 31,964 students across fifteen colleges and schools with degree degrees. This is an urban university, located in downtown Columbia.

Columbia is also home to:

• Allen University - Allen University was founded in 1870 by the African Episcopal Methodist Church. Allen University is accredited by the College Commission of the South High School and School Association (SACS) to provide a baccalaureate degree.
• Benedict College - Founded in 1870, Benedict is an independent coeducational college. Benedict is one of the fastest growing in 39 United Negro College Fund schools. In addition to the increase in enrollment, Benedict has also seen an increase in the average SAT score, the admissions level of the College Honors, the giving of the dollar capital, and the number of research grants given. Recently, Benedict has undergone a series of recent controversies, including basing up to 60 percent of his value solely on the effort, which almost resulted in his accreditation being lost. However, in recent months, colleges have improved their financial status and are trying to increase their registration.
• Kolumbia College - Founded in 1854, Columbia College is a four-year, private, liberal arts college for women who have an Evening College and a Graduate School. This college has been ranked since 1994 by US News & amp; World Report as one of the ten regional liberal arts colleges in the South.
• Columbia International University is a biblical, biblical Christian institution committed to "preparing men and women to know Christ and to make him known."
• ECPI University specializes in technology-centered students, business, criminal justice, and health sciences for 47 years - A leading private university offering master, bachelor, associate, and diploma programs. Continuing Education certification programs are also available. The University of ECPI has been accredited by the College Commission of the Southern High School and Association Associations to earn associate, baccalaureate, and master's degrees and diploma programs. Campus ECPI University Columbia also has programmed accreditation for Medical Assistance with the Bureau of Health Education Accreditation Bureau.
• The Southern Lutheran Theological Seminary - The institute, founded in 1830, is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. One of the oldest Lutheran seminaries in North America, Southern is a fully accredited post-graduate school of theology that prepares women and men for ordained church ministry. This woody 17-acre (69,000 m ² ) campus is located above Seminary Ridge in Columbia, the highest point in the Midlands area, near the city's geographic center.
• Midlands Technical College - Midlands Tech is part of the South Carolina Technical College System. This is a two-year, comprehensive, public, community college, offering a wide range of courses in career education, four-year college transfer options, and continuing education. Small classes, individual instruction, and student support services are provided. Most university teaching faculty hold a master's or doctoral degree.
• Fortis College - Fortis College is part of Educational Affiliates Inc, and offers career-based degrees.
• The South Carolina Leadership School - Founded in 2006, the South Carolina Leadership School (SCSL) is a post-secondary "school of turn" school with a strong focus on Christian discipleship and leadership development. SCSL uses curriculum from Southeastern University.
Virginia College - Virginia College received a senior college admission from the Accreditation Board for High Schools and Independent Schools (ACICS) which now accredits all programs on the campus of the school

Columbia is also home to several additional campuses, including the Erskine Theological Seminary, the Southern University, and the University of Phoenix.

Private school

Public school district

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Media

Columbia daily newspapers include Countries and Cola Daily , and alternative papers include Free Time , < i> Carolina Panorama Newspaper , and SC Black News .

Columbia Metropolitan Magazine is a bi-monthly publication of news and events in the metropolitan area. Greater Columbia Business Monthly highlights economic, business, education and art development. Q-Notes , a biweekly newspaper serving the LGBT community and published in Charlotte, is distributed to locations in Columbia and via home delivery.

Columbia is home to the headquarters and production facilities of South Carolina Educational Television and South Carolina Public Radio, state television and public radio networks.

Columbia has the 78th largest television market in the United States. Affiliate networks include WIS (NBC), WLTX (CBS), WACH (FOX) and WOLO (ABC).

src: c8.alamy.com

Transportation

Transit masses

The Comet, officially an Inland Central Transit Authority, is the agency responsible for operating mass transit in greater Columbia areas including Cayce, West Columbia, Acres Forest, Arcadia Lakes, Springdale, Lexington and St Andrews area. COMET operates express freight, as well as bus services that serve Columbia and its immediate surroundings. Authority was established in October 2002 after SCANA released public transport ownership back to Columbia city. Since 2003, COMET has provided transportation for more than 2 million passengers, has expanded route services, and introduced 43 new accessible ADA buses, offering safer and more convenient transportation. CMRTA has also added 10 natural gas-powered buses to the fleet. COMET underwent a change of name and rebranding project in 2013. Before that, the system was called the Columbia Metropolitan Rapid Transit Association or "CMRTA".

The Midlands Governing Council is in the process of investigating the potential for rail transit in the region. The route to downtown Columbia from Camden, Newberry, and Batesburg-Leesville is under consideration, such as the potential line between Columbia and Charlotte that connects the two main lines of the Rail Speed ​​Corridor Rail in the future.

Roads and highways

Columbia's central location between South Carolina's population center has made it a transportation hub with three interstate highways and one interstate toll road.

Interstate:

• I-26 Interstate 26 travels from northwest to southeast and connects Columbia to two other major population centers in South Carolina: the Greenville-Spartanburg area in the northwestern part of the state and North Charleston - the Charleston area in the southeastern part of the country part. It also serves the nearby towns and suburbs of Chapin, Irmo, Harbison, Gaston, and Swansea.
• The I-20 Interstate 20 traveled from west to east and connects Columbia to Atlanta and Augusta to the west and Florence to the east. It serves nearby cities and suburbs of Pelion, Lexington, West Columbia, Sandhill, Pontiac, Elgin, Lugoff, and Camden regions. Interstate 20 is also used by tourists headed to Myrtle Beach, although the interstate east terminal is in Florence.
I-77 (William Earle Berne Beltway) Interstate 77 starts at the intersection with Interstate 26 in southern Columbia and travels north to Rock Hill and Charlotte. The interstate also provides direct access to Fort Jackson, the largest US Army training base and one of Columbia's largest companies. It serves nearby towns and suburbs of Acres Forest, Gadsden, and Blythewood.
• I-126 Interstate 126 starts downtown on Elmwood Avenue and travels west toward Interstate 26 and Interstate 20. It provides access to the Riverbanks Zoo.

Rute AS:

• AS 1
• AS 21
• AS 76
• AS 176
• AS 321
• AS 378

Jalan Raya Negra Bagian:

• SC 12
• SC 16
• SC 48
• SC 215
• SC 262
• SC 277
• SC 555
• SC 760
• SC 768

Udara

The city and surrounding areas are served by Metropolitan Columbia Airport (IATA: CAE , ICAO: KCAE , FAA LID: CAE ). The airport itself is served by American Eagle, Delta, and United Express airlines. In addition, the city is also served by Jim Hamilton-L.B which is much smaller. Owens Airport (IATA: CUB , ICAO: KCUB , FAA LID: CUB ) located in the Rosewood neighborhood. It serves as a county airport for Richland County and offers general aviation.

Intercity rail

The city is serviced daily by the Amtrak station, with the Silver Star train connecting Columbia with New York City, Washington, DC, Savannah, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa, and Miami. The station is located at 850 Pulaski St.

Intercity bus

Greyhound Lines previously operated a station on Gervais Street, in the eastern part of downtown, providing Columbia with intercity bus transportation. The station was moved to 710 Buckner Road in February 2015.

MegaBus starts operations in Columbia by 2015. There are routes including stops in Atlanta, Fayetteville, North Carolina, Richmond, Virginia, Washington, DC, and New York City, New York. The station is located on Sumter Street.

src: media7.trover.com

Health care

The Sister of Charity Providence Hospital is sponsored by the Sisters of Charity from Saint Augustine (CSA) Health System. The nonprofit organization is licensed for 304 beds and consists of four entities: Providence Hospital, Providence Heart Institute, Providence Northeast Hospital, and Providence Orthopedic & amp; NeuroSpine Institute. The Providence Hospital, located in downtown Columbia, was established by the Sisters of Charity from St. Augustine in 1938. The facility offers cardiac care through the Providence Heart Institute, considered a center of quality heart in South Carolina. Providence Hospital Northeast is a 46-bed community hospital established in 1999 that offers a range of medical services in operations, emergency care, women and children's services, and rehabilitation. Providence Northeast is home to Providence Orthopedics & amp; NeuroSpine Institute, which provides medical and surgical treatment for diseases and injuries of bones, joints, and spine.

Palmetto Health is a public nonprofit corporation in South Carolina comprising Palmetto Health Richland and Palmetto Health Baptist hospital (2 locations, 1 downtown and 1 in Harbison area) in Columbia. Palmetto Health provides health care for nearly 70 percent of the population in Richland County and nearly 55 percent of health care for both Richland and Lexington areas. Palmetto Health Richland is the premier educational hospital for the University of South Carolina School of Medicine. Palmetto Health Baptist recently underwent a $ 40 million multi-phase modernization that included 37,000 square feet (3,400 m ² ) of new construction and 81,000 square feet (7,500 m ² ) renovation. The extensive healthcare system also operates the Palmetto Children's Hospital Health and Palmetto Health Heart Hospital, the first fully self-contained hospital dedicated to heart care, which opened in January 2006. The Palmetto Health Health Center of South Carolina offers patient care at Palmetto Health Baptist and Palmetto Richland Health Campus; both recognized by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer as a Network Cancer Program.

Lexington Medical Center is a network of hospitals - an urgent care center that is all located in Lexington County, South Carolina. There are currently six urgent care centers located in Lexington, Irmo, Batesburg-Leesville, Swansea, and Gilbert. The main hospital in West Columbia. The LMC opened in 1971 but quickly grew into a large center that has grown

Source of the article : Wikipedia