Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Kae die Goeie Hoop [? K ?: P in ?? uj? '??? p] , Dutch: Kaap de Goede Hoop < span title = "Representation in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"> [? ka: bd? ?? ud? '? o: p] Ã, ( Ã, listen ) , Portuguese: Cabo da Boa EsperanÃÆ'§a ['kabu d?' bo ?? p? '??? s?] ) is a rocky cape on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula , South Africa.
A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa. This misconception is based on the distrust that the Cape is the point of separation between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The knowledge of contemporary geography states that the southernmost point of Africa is Cape Agulhas about 150 kilometers (90 mi) in the east-southeast. The currents of the two oceans meet at the point where the warm waters of Agulhas now meet the Benguela cold water stream and return to itself. The ocean meeting point fluctuates between Cape Agulhas and Cape Point (about 1.2 kilometers (0.75 million) east of the Cape of Good Hope.
When following the western side of the African coastline of the equator, however, the Cape of Good Hope marks the point where the ship begins to travel further east than the south. Thus, the first cape roundup of 1488 by the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was a milestone in the Portuguese's attempt to establish direct trade relations with the Far East (though Herodotus cited the claims made by Phoenicians earlier). Dias is called the cape Cabo das Tormentas ("Cape of Storm": Dutch: span langs = span lang = "nl"> Stormkaap ), which is the real name of "Cape of Good Hope".
As one of the great capitals of the South Atlantic Ocean, the Cape of Good Hope has long had special significance for seafarers, many of them calling it just as " Cape ". This is the road point on the Cape Route and cutting routes followed by clipper ships to the Far East and Australia, and is still followed by some offshore cruise races.
The term Cape of Good Hope is also used in three other ways:
- This is part of Table Mountain National Park, where the headland of the same name, as well as Cape Point, falls. Prior to being included in the national park, this part is the Cape Point Nature Reserve.
- It was the early name of Cape Colony established by the Netherlands in 1652, on the Cape Peninsula.
- Just before the Union of South Africa was formed, the term referred to the entire region which in 1910 was the Provincial Cape of Hope (usually abbreviated to the Cape Province).
Video Cape of Good Hope
Histori
Eudoxus of Cyzicus ( ; Greece: ??????? , EÃÆ'ºdoxos ; C. C. 130 BC) was a Greek navigator for Ptolemy VIII, the king of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt, who discovered a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean that appears to have originated from Gades (today CÃÆ'¡diz in Spain), circling the Cape.
When Eudoxus returned from the second voyage to India, the wind forced him to go south of the Gulf of Aden and along the African coast for some distance. Somewhere along the East African coast, he found the remains of the ship. Due to its emergence and the story told by the natives, Eudoxus concluded that the ship was from Gades and sailed counter-clockwise around Africa, passing through the Cape and entering the Indian Ocean. It inspired him to repeat the voyage and try to circumnavigate the continents. Organizing an expedition on his own account he sailed from Gades and began working on the coast of Africa. The difficulty is too great, and he has to go back to Europe.
After this failure, he again set out to circumnavigate Africa. The ultimate fate is unknown. Although some, like Pliny, claim that Eudoxus did reach its destination, the most likely conclusion was that he was killed on the way.
In the 1450 map of Fra Mauro, the Indian Ocean is described as connected to the Atlantic. Fra Mauro puts the following inscription at the southern tip of Africa, which he named "Cape of Diab", describing the exploration by ship from the East around 1420:
"Around 1420 ships, or junk, from India across the Indian Sea to the Island of Man and the Island of Women, off Cape Diab, between the Green Islands and the shadows, sailing for 40 days to the south-west, without ever finding out what but in addition to wind and water According to these men themselves, the ship traveled about 2,000 miles in front until - once the favorable conditions were over - he turned and sailed back to Cape Diab in 70 days.
"These ships are called junks (lit." Zonchi ") that navigate these seas carrying four or more columns, some of which can be raised or lowered, and have 40 to 60 cabins for the merchants and only one puppies.They can navigate without compass, because they have fortune-tellers, who stand beside and, with astrolabes in hand, give command to the navigator ". (Text from Fra Mauro map, 09-P25.)
Fra Mauro explains that he obtained information from a "reliable source", traveling on an expedition, the possibility of the Venetian explorer NiccolÃÆ'² da Conti who happened to be in Calicut, India at the time the expedition went:
"Moreover, I have spoken to someone who is trustworthy, who says that he sailed on an Indian ship trapped in the fury of a 40-day storm in the Indian Ocean, beyond Cape Soffala and Green Islands, to the southwest-west, and according to the astrologers acting as their guide, they have advanced nearly 2,000 miles so that people can believe and confirm what both and they say, and that they have therefore sailed for 4,000 miles.
Fra Mauro also commented that the report on the expedition, together with Strabo's connection of Eudoxus's journey from Cyzicus from Arabia to Gibraltar through the Southern Ocean in ancient times, led him to believe that the Indian Ocean was not a closed sea and that Africa could be encircled by its southern end from map Fra Mauro, 11, G2). This knowledge, along with the portrayal of the African continent map, might encourage the Portuguese to intensify their efforts to equip the tip of Africa.
In the Early Modern Era, the first European to reach the cape was the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias on March 12, 1488, who named it the "Cape of Hurricane" ( Cabo das Tormentas ). It was later renamed by John II of Portugal as the "Cape of Good Hope" ( Cabo da Boa EsperanÃÆ'§a ) due to the great optimism posed by the opening of sea routes to India and the East.
The Khoikhoi lived in the cape area when the Dutch first settled there in 1652. Khoikhoi had arrived in this area about fifteen hundred years earlier. The Dutch call them Hottentots, a term that is now considered very patronizing.
Dutch colonial administrator Jan van Riebeeck established a supply camp for the Dutch East India Company about 50 km north of the cape in Table Bay on 6 April 1652 and this eventually developed into Cape Town. Fresh food supplies are very important in the long journey in Africa and Cape Town is known as "The Tavern of the Seas".
On December 31, 1687, a Huguenot community (French Protestant) arrived at the Cape of Good Hope of the Netherlands. They had fled France and fled to Holland to escape religious persecution in France. One example is Pierre Joubert from La Motte-d'Aigues. The Dutch East Indies Company needed skilled farmers in the Cape of Good Hope and the Dutch Government saw an opportunity to complete the Huguenot at the Cape and sent them there. The Cape colonies gradually grow over the next 150 years to stretch hundreds of kilometers to the north and northeast.
During the Napoleonic Wars, the Dutch Republic was occupied by France in 1795. Thus the Cape Colony became a slave and the enemy of France from England. Therefore, the British invaded and occupied the Cape Colony in the same year. Britain relinquished control of the territory in 1803 but returned and reoccupied the Colonies on January 19, 1806 after the Battle of Blaauwberg. The Dutch surrendered the territory to England in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. The Cape was then managed as Cape Colony and remained a British colony until it was incorporated into the independent South African Union in 1910 (now known as the Republic of South Africa).
The Portuguese government established two navigation beacons, Dias Cross and Gama Cross , to commemorate Vasco da Gama and Bartolomeu Dias as explorers who were mentioned as the first explorers to reach the cloak. When lined up, the cross leads to Whittle Rock ( 34 Â ° 21? 24,63? S 18 Â ° 28? 26,36? E ), the danger of large and permanently submerged shipments in False Bay. Two other beacons in Simon's Town provide intersections.
Maps Cape of Good Hope
Geography
The Cape of Good Hope is at the southern tip of the Cape Peninsula, about 2.3 kilometers (1.4 mi) west and a little south of Cape Point in the southeast corner. Cape Town is about 50 kilometers to the north of Cape, on Table Bay on the northern tip of the peninsula. The peninsula forms the western boundary of False Bay. Geologically, the rocks found on two headlands, and indeed more than the peninsula, are part of Cape Supergroup, and are formed from the same type of sandstones as Table Mountain itself. Both the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Point offer spectacular views; the most southern part of the Cape Peninsula is a wild, rugged, beautiful and generally unspoiled national park.
The term Cape has also been used in a broader sense, to denote the area of ​​European colonies based in Cape Town, and then the province of South Africa. Since 1994, it has been broken down into three smaller provinces: the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape and the Northern Cape; parts of the province are also absorbed into the Northwest.
Fauna
With its diverse habitats, ranging from rocky peaks to beaches and open sea, the Cape of Good Hope is home to at least 250 species of birds including one of the two mainland African penguin colonies.
The "bush" tends to be somewhat rare due to the rough nature of the rough fynbos vegetation. When flowering, however, proteas and erika attract sunbirds, sugarbirds, and other species to look for nectar. For most of the year, there are more small birds in the coastal wilderness than in fynbos.
The Cape of Good Hope section of Table Mountain National Park is home to several antelope species. Bontebok and eland are easy to see, and the red hartebeest can be seen on the grassy lawns that graze on the Smitswinkel Flats. The rhebok gray is rarely seen and rare, but can be observed along the coastal hills of Olifantsbos. Most visitors will never see Cape grysbok or klipspringer.
The Cape of Good Hope section is home to four Cape Cape zebra. They may be seen by an attentive or lucky visitor, usually at Smitswinkel Flats.
There is a wealth of small animals such as lizards, snakes, turtles and insects. Small mammals include hyrax stones, four-row grass rats, waterbirds, unweed Cape bears and fallow deer.
This area offers an excellent spot for whale watching. Southern right whales are the most likely species seen in False Bay between June and November. Other species are Bryde whales and whales. Seals, dolphins and killer whales are also visible.
The strategic position of the Cape of Good Hope between the two main currents of the sea, ensures the rich diversity of marine life. There is a difference between marine life west of Cape Point and the east due to very different sea temperatures.
The South African Sea Resource Law is strictly enforced throughout Table Mountain National Park, and especially in marine protected areas. Any disturbance or disappearance of any marine organism is strictly prohibited between Schusters Bay and Hoek van Bobbejaan, but is permitted in other areas during the season and with the relevant permits.
Chacma Round
Chacma baboon ( Papio ursinus ) is the mammal closest to Cape of Good Hope. Babun inside the Cape of Good Hope is still a major tourist attraction. There are 11 troops consisting of about 375 people across the Cape Peninsula. Six of these 11 troops live altogether in the Cape of Good Hope, or use that part as part of their reach. The Cape Point, Kanonkop, Klein Olifantsbos, and Buffels Bay troops live completely inside the Cape of Good Hope section of the National Park. Groot Olifantsbos and Plateau Road troops enter the park.
Babon Chacma is widespread in South Africa and is classified as "least noticeable" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, the South African Department of Parks declared in its Issue of Mountains in the Seas that the baboon population on the Cape is "critically endangered." This is due to loss of habitat, genetic isolation, and conflict with humans. Cape baboon has been eliminated from the majority of their reach across the Cape Peninsula, and the Cape of Good Hope section of Table Mountain National Park provides shelter for troops living within its borders, providing relative security from nearby towns, people have killed many baboons after baboons attacked their homes for food. injured or killed outside the park by car and with electricity in the power lines. Inside the park, some management policies such as allowing barbecues and picnics in the baboon home range cause loss of roops, as they engage in conflicts with guests into the park.
Flora
The Cape of Good Hope is an integral part of Cape Floristic Kingdom, the smallest but richest of the six world flower kingdoms. It consists of a treasure of 1,100 native plant species, whose numbers are endemic (occurring naturally elsewhere on earth). The main type of fynbos ("bush") vegetation in the Cape of Good Hope is the Fynbos Peninsula Peninsula, an endemic type of vegetation endemic to the Cape Peninsula. The Coastal Sand Hangklip Fynbos grows in the low plains of alkaline sand and, right by the sea, a small Cape Flats patch of Dune Strandveld can be found.
Fynbos plant characteristics include proteas, erika (health), and restios (reeds). Some of the most prominent and famous members are from the Proteacae family, where up to 24 species occur. These include the king of protea, sugarbush, bearing trees and golden shrubs ( Leucadendron laureolum ).
Many popular horticultural crops such as pelargonium, freesia, daisies, lilies and irises also come from fynbos.
Legends
- The Cape of Good Hope is the legendary home of The Flying Dutchman . Filled with sick and tortured ghost sailors, it is cursed forever to defeat its course through adjacent waters without ever successfully rounding the canopy.
- Adamastor is a Greek type mythological character created by the Portuguese poet LuÃÆ's de CamÃÆ'Âμes in his epic poem Os LusÃÆ'adas (first printed in 1572), as a symbol of the powers nature that the Portuguese navigators had to pass through during their discoveries and more specifically about the dangers faced by Portuguese seafarers while trying to round the Cape of Storm.
See also
- Tanjung Peninsula
- Cape Horn, its South American counterpart
- Cape Point
- Western Cape
- History of Cape Colony
- Simon City
- Post stamps and history of Cape of Good Hope
References
External links
- List of birds in the Cape of Good Hope Reserve, with paragraphs explaining each species
- Cape of Good Hope, Panoramic View
- The Cape of Good Hope was a map by John Arrowsmith in 1842
- Cape of Good Hope Tour
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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