The Barack Obama "Hope" poster is a picture of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, who is widely described as an icon and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign. It consists of Obama-style stencil portraits in solid red, beige and (light and dark), with the word "progress", "hope" or "change" below (and other words in some versions).
The design is made in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 290 posters on the street soon after printing them. It was then more widely distributed - both as digital images and other fixtures - during the 2008 election season, initially independently but with the approval of Obama's official campaign. The image became one of the most widely known symbols of Obama's campaign, spawning many variations and imitations, including some assigned by the Obama campaign. This led to Laura Barton's The Guardian's proclaiming that the images "gained instant recognition from Che Guevara Jim Fitzpatrick's poster, and will surely be awarded T-shirts, coffee mugs and student bedroom walls in the years to come."
In January 2009, after Obama won the election, Fairey's mixed-media stencil portrait version of the image was obtained by the Smithsonian Institution for the National Portrait Gallery. Then in January 2009, the photo on which Fairey was based on the poster was revealed: a June 2006 shot by former Associated Press freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. Responding to claims by the Associated Press for compensation, Fairey sued for a declaration assessment that his poster was a fair use of his original photograph. The parties have been released from court in January 2011, with details of the confidentiality of the settlement.
On February 29, 2012, Fairey pleaded guilty in a New York federal court to destroy and create documents during his legal battle with the Associated Press. Fairey sued the news service in 2008 after claiming that the famous poster was based on one of his photographs. Fairey claims that he used different photos for the poster. But he admits that, in fact, he is wrong and tries to hide his faults by destroying the documents and making others, who are the source of a criminal insult he believes is guilty. In September, Fairey was sentenced to two years probation, 300 hours of community service, and a $ 25,000 fine.
In 2009 the portrait of Obama Fairey is featured in Art For Obama's book: Designing the Manifest of Hope and the Campaign for Change also edited by Fairey.
In an interview with Esquire in 2015, Fairey said that Obama is not alive, "not even close," with his hopes. He continued, "Obama has a very difficult time, but there are a lot of things he compromises on which I would never expect.I mean, drones and domestic spy are the last thing I think [he will support]."
Video Barack Obama "Hope" poster
Concepts and design
Shepard Fairey, who has created political street art previously critical of the government and George W. Bush, discussed Obama's newborn campaign with publicist Yosi Sergant at the end of October 2007. Sergant suggested Fairey make some art to support Obama. Sergant contacted Obama's campaign to seek permission for Fairey to design an Obama poster, which was given several weeks before Super Tuesday. Fairey says that his decision to make Obama's portrait comes from Fairey's feeling that "Obama's strength and sincerity as a speaker will create a positive relationship with his likeness." Fairey found a photo of Obama using Google Image Search (eventually revealed into a April 2006 photo by freelancer Mannie Garcia for The Associated Press) and created the original poster design in one day. The original image has the word " progress " and displays the star sign Fairey obey - a symbol associated with the way Andre's Giant Has a Postse embedded art campaign in the sunrise logo of Obama's campaign. Because of Obama's campaign worries about the troublesome connotations of his original words, Fairey changed the slogan printed under Obama's image from " progress " to " hope ."
According to design author Steven Heller, the poster was inspired by Social Realism and, although widely praised as original and unique, can be seen as part of a long tradition of contemporary artists that drew inspiration from political candidates and produced "posters that break the print not only in terms of color and styles but also in messages and tones. "Fairey says," My historical inspiration is a famous JFK portrait in which he poses in a three-quarter view that looks a bit up and out in the distance.Rose image on a five-dollar bill has a nuance that similar."
Maps Barack Obama "Hope" poster
Distribution during campaign 2008
Fairey began printing posters immediately after completing the design and showing it to Yosi Sergant. Initially, he sold 350 and added 350 more in public. Starting with the sale and continuing throughout the campaign, Fairey uses the proceeds from the sale of images to produce more; after the first printing, he made 4,000 more that was distributed to Obama before Super Tuesday. He also installed a printed digital version on his website. As Fairey explained in an interview in October 2008, the image quickly became viral, spontaneously spreading through social media and word of mouth.
After the initial 700 posters, Obama's campaign was delivered through Sergant that they wanted to promote the theme of hope, and most of the posters sold by Fairey then had the word "hope " and then " change "instead of" progress "; The obey star is also absent from the newer version. In October 2008, Fairey and Sergant claimed to have printed 300,000 posters (with less than 2,000 sold and the rest awarded or displayed) and 1,000,000 stickers, as well as clothing and other items with images sold through the Fairey website, in addition to printed copies by others. According to Fairey and Sergant, the proceeds of the drawing were used to produce more posters and other merchandise to support Obama's campaign, rather than direct gains for Fairey.
Parody and imitation
As the campaign progressed, many of Fairey's parody and imitation designs appeared. For example, an anti-Obama version replaces the word expectations "with" hype ", while a parody poster featuring opponents Sarah Palin and John McCain has the word" no ". In January 2009 Paste magazine launched a site that allows users to create their own version poster. More than 10,000 images uploaded to this site in the first two weeks.
Mad parodied " expectations " posters with "Alfred E. Neuman for President!" poster. Alfred is on the poster, and the words " hope " are replaced with " without hope ". The anti-Gaddafi protesters in Chicago, in solidarity with Libya's 2011 civil war, have co-opted the image. Dynamite Comics released a four-part crossover with Obama and Ash Williams from the Dark Soldiers' comic and the Evil Dead movie . One cover issue has a picture of Ash Williams (played by Bruce Campbell in the films) in the "Hope" poster style with the bottom of the text "Hope?"
Fairey is also commissioned to create a number of works in the same style. He produced two other versions, based on different photos, officially on behalf of the Obama campaign, and the other to serve as the closing of People of the Year issue Time . He also made a comedian portrait of Stephen Colbert in the same style, which appeared in the Entertainment Weekly edition to honor Colbert The Colbert Report.
Firas Alkhateeb, the student who designed the controversial "Joker" Obama image, calls Fairey his greatest influence. Alkhateeb describes the "Joker" image as being corrective of Obama's glowing illustrations at Fairey. Fairey has criticized and praised the "Joker" poster, stating "The artwork is great because it gets dots at very fast", but "I disagree with the political content of the poster".
The People's Cube conservative satire creates images of visual and verbal crosses, such as "Chaos" with Rush Limbaugh ("Operation Chaos"), "Shrugged" images with Ayn Rand (for Atlas Shrugged's novel) and " Marxism "with a picture of Groucho Marx.
The September 2009 edition of The Advocate , the oldest LGBT publication in America, features a cover image similar to Fairey's design. The blue and red colors are replaced with pink and purple, but instead of " hope ", the title is " nope? ". Jon Barrett, editor in chief of the magazine, said the cover expressed disappointment among some Democrats from the LGBT community.
The poster is also parodied in popular culture. In the Futurama episode of "Proposition Infinity," a similar poster of President Richard Nixon can be seen, with the slogan "DESPAIR". In the 2010 film Megamind , a poster version can be viewed using Megamind's face and the title "CAN NOT YOU NO," parodied the Obama campaign slogan "Yes we can". The Disney animated series Phineas and Ferb has two episodes, "Nerds of a Feather" and "She's the Major," both with Obama posters parodied with Candace's face. American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch has released a version with their mascot and the words "WAR", referring to their album War Is The Answer . In Iron Man 2, Tony Stark received a similar poster from Iron Man's armor and hung it in his Malibu garage, much to his assistant's displeasure and the love of Pepper Potts. Season 4 BoJack Horseman showing posters Mr. Peanutbutter as he runs for governor.
Honest Gil Fulbright
Shepard Fairey created an adaptation of Obama's HOPE poster for the satirical Kentucky politician, Honest Gil Fulbright. The poster for Honest Gil Fulbright features portraits of Frank L. Ridley, the actor who portrays Fulbright, with the words "SOLD," which refers to Fulbright's "honest" political message: "I am just in this case for money, but at least I honest about that. "
Veep
The Home Box Office (HBO) created a poster parody to promote their fifth satirical comedy season Veep . Posters are placed on roadside billboards, and other public places to help promote returns.
Fairey's Adaptation for Occupy movement
Sympathizing with the Occupy movement, in November 2011 Shepard Fairey introduced a variety of "Hope" posters. On the new poster, he features Guy Fawkes mask, and the message "Mr. President, we HOPE you are on our side", with the word "HOPE" in capital letters and the rest of the sentence in a small font. The Obama campaign logo on the right is replaced with a logo similar to the words "We are 99%".
Acquisition by Smithsonian
On January 7, 2009, the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution announced it had acquired a version of Fairey's hand-held collage (stencil and acrylic on paper) version (with the word "span> hope "), which the Gallery said would be displayed briefly before the inauguration Obama on January 20, 2009. The work was commissioned and later donated by art collectors Heather and Tony Podesta (Tony is the brother of the vice chairman of the transition Obama John Podesta). This is an unusual acquisition, in which the National Portrait Gallery usually collects official portraits when the president leaves the office rather than before they take over the office.
Origin and copyright issues
The original source of Fairey's photo based on the poster was not publicly known until after Obama won the election. After a false attribution to Reuters photographer Jim Young for a similar January 2007 photo, in January 2009 photographer and blogger Tom Gralish discovered that the poster was based on an Associated Press photograph by freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. It was taken at a 2006 media event with Kansas Sen. Sam Brownback, where actor George Clooney raise awareness about the War in Darfur after a trip to Sudan that he had brought with his father.
In February 2009, the Associated Press announced that they decided "that the photo used on the poster is an AP photo and that its use permission is necessary" and announced that they are discussing with Fairey's lawyer to discuss a peaceful solution. Fairey is represented by Anthony Falzone, executive director of Fair Use Project at Stanford University. Falzone was quoted in a press release: "We believe fair use protects Shepard's right to do what he does here." Fairey subsequently filed a federal suit against the Associated Press, seeking a declarative judgment that its use of AP photographs is protected by a fair use doctrine and thus does not infringe their copyright.
Fairey later admitted that he had based a poster on an AP photo and had fabricated and destroyed evidence to hide that fact. Fairey's confession came after one of her employees told her that she had found the relevant documents on the old hard drive. Realizing that these documents will reveal his concealment, Fairey tells the truth to his lawyer.
Photographer Mannie Garcia believes that he owns the copyright to the photo in accordance with his AP contract. He said that he was "very proud of the picture and that Fairey did what he did artistically with it, and the effect it caused," but that he did not "justify people taking anything, just because they can, from the Internet." Fairey replied that his behavior was not an "incorrect appropriation" because he did not take a protected expression from Garcia's original photo. In addition, he claims his conduct will qualify as a fair use. In court, the AP must overcome both arguments.
A judge urged a settlement, stating that the AP would win the case. AP and Shepard Fairey out of court in January 2011. In a press release, AP announced that AP and Fairey "agree to work together forward with the image of Hope and share the right to create posters and merchandise that brings Hope images and to collaborate in a series of images that Fairey will make based on photographs of AP. The parties have agreed to additional financial requirements that will remain secret. "
In a separate criminal act, federal prosecutors suggested that Fairey should face a prison sentence for the destruction of evidence in this case, with a government punishment request stating that "[a] sentence without prison term sent a terrible message to those who may commit the same criminal behavior Encouraging parties to play a civil litigation system [...] creates terrible incentives and undermines the truth-seeking function of civil litigation. "However, his sentence was finally limited to 300 hours of community service and a $ 30,000 fine.
References
External links
- Obama - the original version of Fairey's website, obeygiant.com
- Fisher III, William W.; Fairey, Shepard; et al. (2012). "Reflection on Poster Case of Hope" (PDF) . Harvard Journal of Law & amp; Technology . 25 (2): 243-338 . Retrieved December 7, 2012 . Ã,
- Person of the Year Videos: icon maker Shepard Fairey - TIME video
- Shepard Fairey Telling Inspiration Behind 'HOPE' - 28th October 2008 interview by Farai Chideya on NPR
- Behind HOPE Iconic Obama Posters by Joshuah Bearman, Huffington Post , November 15, 2008
- Money and Muse by Ted Hamilton, The Cornell Daily Sun , March 22, 2009
- Artist recognizes using key AP photo for 'HOPE' poster by NPR
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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