Vancouver ( Ã, ( listen ) , local usually [vÃÆ'Â|? -] ) is a coastal port city in western Canada, located at Lower Mainland Region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011. The Greater Vancouver area has a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with more than 5,400 people per square kilometer, making it the fourth most populous city with over 250,000 inhabitants in North America behind New York City, San Francisco and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. Vancouver is one of the cities the most ethnically and linguistically diverse in Canada according to the census; 52% of the population has a first language other than English. Vancouver is classified as a global city of Beta.
Vancouver has consistently been named one of the top five cities in the world for life and quality of life, and the Economist Intelligence Unit recognizes it as the first city among the top ten best cities in the world for five years in a row. Vancouver has hosted numerous international conferences and events, including the 1954 British Empire and the Commonwealth Games, UN Habitat I, Expo 86, World Police and Fire Games in 1989 and 2009; and the 2010 and Paralympic Winter Olympics held in Vancouver and Whistler, a resort community 125 km (78 mi) north of the city. In 2014, after thirty years in California, the TED conference made Vancouver its unlimited home. Several 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup matches were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place.
The original settlement, named Gastown, was raised in the open on the west bank of the Hastings Mill mill felling property, where a tavern had been set up on a board between two stumps and owner, Gassy Jack, persuading an inquisitive milling factory to build him an the store, on July 1, 1867. From the first company, other shops and several hotels quickly emerged along the coast to the west. Gastown became officially styled as a registered townsite nicknamed Granville, B.I. ("B.I" stands for "Burrard Inlet"). As part of the land and political deal where the townsite area was made into a railhead of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated shortly thereafter as a city, in 1886. In 1887, the Canadian Pacific railway transcontinental continents extended west to the city to take advantage of its great natural harbor into the Pacific Ocean, which soon became an important link in the trade routes between East Asia, Eastern Canada, and Europe. In 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest tonnage in America (recently displacing New York City), the world's 27, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is known as an urban center surrounded by nature, making tourism the second largest industry. The big film studios in Vancouver and nearby Burnaby have transformed Greater Vancouver and the closest areas to one of North America's biggest film production centers, earning it the nickname, "Hollywood North".
Video Vancouver
Etymology
The city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner port of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places English names. The Vancouver family name itself comes from the Dutch "Van Coevorden", which shows a person from the town of Coevorden or Koevern in Dutch Low Saxon, The Netherlands. Ancestor's explorers came to England "from Coevorden", which was the origin of the name that eventually became "Vancouver".
Maps Vancouver
History
Before 1850
Archaeological records show the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in a traditional area and is currently not shifting from the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tseil-Waututh (Burrard) tribes of the Coast Salish group. They have villages across Vancouver today, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Gray, and near the mouth of the Fraser River.
The Europeans got acquainted with the future area of ​​Vancouver when JosÃÆ'Â © MarÃÆ'a NarvÃÆ'¡ez of Spain explored the current Point Gray beach and part of the Burrard Inlet in 1791 - though an author stated that Francis Drake may have visited the area in 1579.
North West Company explorers and traders Simon Fraser and his crew became the first Europeans known to set foot on the site of today's city. In 1808, they traveled from the east to the Fraser River, probably up to Point Gray.
Initial growth
The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 people, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster (founded 14 February 1859) on the Fraser River, on their way to Fraser Canyon, passing what would become Vancouver. Vancouver is one of the youngest cities of British Columbia; the first European settlement in what is now Vancouver is not until 1862 at McCleery's Farm on the Fraser River, just east of the ancient village of Musqueam in what is now Marpole. A sawmill established in Moodyville (now North Vancouver City) in 1863, started a long city relationship with logging. Immediately followed by a factory owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the south coast of the inlet. The stamps, which began logging in the Port Alberni area, first attempted to run the mill at Brockton Point, but hard currents and corals forced the relocation of operations in 1867 to the point near the foot of Dunlevy Street. This factory, known as Hastings Mill, became the core in which Vancouver was formed. The central role of the factory in the city diminished after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in the 1880s. Nonetheless remained vital to the local economy until it was closed in the 1920s.
The so-called Gastown neighborhood grew rapidly around the original bakery set up by "Gassy" Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property. In 1870, the colonial government surveyed settlements and put down townsite, renamed "Granville" in honor of the British Secretary of State for Colonies, Lord Granville. The site, with its natural harbor, was chosen in 1884 as the terminal for the Canadian Pacific Railway, to the disappointment of Port Moody, New Westminster and Victoria, all of whom vied for relief. A train was among the persuasion for British Columbia to join the Confederacy in 1871, but the Pacific Scandals and arguments over the use of Chinese workers delayed development until the 1880s.
Merge
The city of Vancouver was founded on April 6, 1886, the same year when the first transcontinental train arrived. CPR President William Van Horne arrived at Port Moody to set up a CPR terminal recommended by Henry John Cambie, and named the city in honor of George Vancouver. The Great Vancouver Fire on June 13, 1886, destroyed the entire city. The Vancouver Fire Department was established that year and the city was rebuilt. Vancouver's population grew from settlements of 1,000 people in 1881 to more than 20,000 at the turn of the century and 100,000 in 1911.
Vancouver Traders equipped the miners bound for Klondike Gold Rush in 1898. One of the merchants, Charles Woodward, had opened Woodward's first store in Abbott and Cordova Streets in 1892 and, along with Spencer and the shops in Hudson's Bay, formed a core of the city's retail sector for decades.
Vancouver's early economy was dominated by large companies like CPR, which sparked economic activity and led to the rapid development of the new city; in fact, CPR is the owner of major real estate and housing developers in the city. While some manufactures thrive, including the establishment of the British Columbia Sugar Refinery by Benjamin Tingley Rogers in 1890, natural resources became the basis for the Vancouver economy. The resource sector was originally based on logging and then export moved through ports, where commercial traffic was the largest economic sector in Vancouver in the 1930s.
20th century
The economic dominance of big business is accompanied by a militant labor movement. The first major sympathy strike occurred in 1903 when rail workers attacked CPR for union recognition. Labor leader Frank Rogers was murdered by CPR police while recording docks, becoming the first martyr of the movement in British Columbia. The emergence of industry tensions throughout the province led to Canada's first general strike in 1918, at the Cumberland coal mine on Vancouver Island. After a pause in 1920, a wave of strikes culminated in 1935 when unemployed people flooded the city to protest conditions in military-run relief camps in remote areas throughout the province. After two tense and annoying months every day, relief camp settlers decided to file their complaints with the federal government and start the Ottawa Train, but their protests were released violently. Workers were arrested near the Mission and exiled at the labor camp during the Depression.
Other social movements, such as the first wave of feminist movements, moral reform, and the movement of simplicity also play a part in the development of Vancouver. Mary Ellen Smith, a Vancouver suffragist and banning, became the first woman elected to the provincial legislature in Canada in 1918. The alcohol ban began in the First World War and lasted until 1921, when the provincial government established control over the sale of alcohol, a practice that still apply. in place today. Canada's first drug law came after an investigation by the Federal Ministry of Labor and the future prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King. The king was sent to investigate claims of damage due to unrest when the Asian Exclusion League led the rampage through Chinatown and Japantown. Two of the prosecutors were opium producers, and after further investigation, the King found that white women reportedly frequented the opium nest as well as the Chinese. Federal laws that prohibit the manufacture, sale and import of opium for non-drug purposes are immediately ratified by this revelation. This unrest, and the establishment of the Asiatic Exclusion League, also acts as a sign of increased fear and distrust of the Japanese who live in Vancouver and the whole of B.C. This fear is exacerbated by an attack on Pearl Harbor that leads to the exile or deportation of all Japanese-Canadians living in towns and provinces. After the war, these Japanese and Canadian men and women were not allowed to return to cities like Vancouver which led to areas, such as Japantown mentioned above, to stop being ethnic Japanese because the people never lived again.
Amalgamation with Point Gray and South Vancouver gives the city a deadline shortly before it becomes the third largest metropolis in the country. On January 1, 1929, Vancouver's enlarged population was 228,193.
Geography
Located on the Burrard Peninsula, Vancouver is located between Burrard Inlet to the north and the Fraser River to the south. The Georgia Strait, to the west, is sheltered from the Pacific Ocean by Vancouver Island. The city has an area of ​​114 km 2 (44 m²), including flat and hilly terrain, and is in the Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8) and Pacific Maritime Ecozone. Until the naming of the city in 1885, "Vancouver" refers to Vancouver Island, and remains a common misconception that the city is located on the island. The island and town are both named Captain Royal George George (like the city of Vancouver, Washington in the United States).
Vancouver has one of the largest urban parks in North America, Stanley Park, which covers 404.9 hectares (1,001 acres). The North Shore Mountains dominate the city's landscape, and on a clear day, beautiful scenery includes Mount Baker's snow-capped volcanoes in Washington state to the southeast, Vancouver Island across the Strait of Georgia to the west and southwest, and Bowen Island to the northwest.
Ecology
Vegetation in the Vancouver area was originally a medium rainforest, consisting of conifers with maple bags and scattered alder, and large swamp areas (even in upland areas, due to poor drainage). The conifer is a typical blend of Douglas coast Douglas, Western red cedar, and Western Hemlock. This area is thought to have the largest tree of this species on the Coast of British Columbia. Only at Elliott Bay, Seattle performs tree sizes that rival Burrard Inlet and English Bay. The largest trees in the old Vancouver forest grow in the Gastown area, where the first logging takes place, and on the southern slopes of False Creek and English Bay, especially around Jericho Beach. The forest at Stanley Park was cut down between the 1860s and 1880s, and evidence of ancient logging techniques such as the notch jump can still be seen there.
Many plants and trees that grow throughout Vancouver and the Lower Mainland are imported from other parts of the continent and from points in the Pacific. Examples include the monkey puzzle tree, the Japanese Maple, and various exotic flowering, such as magnolia, azalea, and rhododendron. Some species imported from harsher climates in Eastern Canada or Europe have grown to enormous size. Original Maple Douglas can also achieve remarkable size. Many city streets are filled with varieties of Japanese cherry blossoms donated from the 1930s onwards by the Japanese government. This flower is for several weeks in early spring each year, an event celebrated by the Vancouver Blossom Cherry Festival. Other streets are lined with flowering chestnut, horse chestnut, and other shade trees.
Climate
Vancouver is one of Canada's hottest cities in the winter. The Vancouver climate is temperate to Canadian standards and is classified as a northwest or marine coast, under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification system classified as Cfb bordering the warm summer Mediterranean climate Csb . While during the summer temperatures inland are significantly higher, Vancouver has the coolest summer average of all major Canadian metropolitan areas. The summer months are usually dry, with an average of just one of five days during July and August receiving rainfall. Instead, there is some precipitation for almost half a day from November to March.
Vancouver is also one of Canada's most wet cities. However, rainfall varies across the metropolitan area. The annual rainfall measured at Vancouver International Airport in Richmond averages 1,189 mm (46.8 inches), compared with 1,588 mm (62.5 inches) in downtown and 2.044 mm (80.5 inches) in North Vancouver. The maximum daily average is 22 °, Â ° C (72Ã, Â ° F) in July and August, with the highest rarely reaching 30Ã, Â ° C (86Ã, Â ° F).
The highest temperature ever recorded at the airport was 34.4 Â ° C (93.9 Â ° F) set at 30 July 2009, and the highest temperature ever recorded in the city of Vancouver was 35.0 Â ° C (95.0 Â ° F) took place first on July 31, 1965, again on August 8, 1981, and finally on May 29, 1983. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -17.8 Â ° C (0 Â ° F) on January 14 1950 and again on December 29, 1968.
On average, snow falls on nine days per year, with three days receiving 5 centimeters (2.0 inches) or more. The average annual snowfall is 38.1 centimeters (15.0 inches) but usually does not remain in the ground for long periods.
Winter in Greater Vancouver is Canada's fourth lightest city after Victoria, Nanaimo, and nearby Duncan, all on Vancouver Island. The planting season in Vancouver averages 237 days, from March 18 to November 10. USDA 1981-2010 Plantation Stability Zone in Canada ranging from 8A to 9A depending on height and proximity to water.
Cityscape
City planning
In 2011, Vancouver is the most populous city in Canada. Urban planning in Vancouver is characterized by high-rise housing and mixed-use development in urban centers, as an alternative to sprawl. As part of the broader Metro Vancouver area, this is influenced by the direction of the viability policy as described in Metro Vancouver's Regional Growth Strategy.
Vancouver has been ranked one of the most habitable cities in the world for over a decade. In 2010, Vancouver has been ranked as the fourth highest quality living city of all cities on Earth. By contrast, according to Forbes, Vancouver has the sixth most expensive real estate market in the world and is the second highest in North America after Los Angeles in 2007. Vancouver is also ranked the most expensive in Canada. city ​​of residence. Sales in February 2016 were 56.3% higher than the 10-year average for the month. Forbes also places Vancouver as the tenthest cleanest city in the world.
The Vancouver characteristic approach to urban planning originated in the late 1950s, when city planners began to encourage the construction of high-rise residential towers in Vancouver's West End, subject to stringent requirements for setbacks and open spaces to protect the path of sight and preserve green space. The success of this dense but livable environment led to the rebuilding of urban industrial sites, such as North False Creek and Coal Harbor, beginning in the mid-1980s. The result is a compact urban core that has gained international recognition for "easy and friendly development". More recently, the city has been debating "EcoDensity" - ways in which "density, design, and land use can contribute to environmental sustainability, affordability, and life skills".
Vancouver is also considered to have the worst traffic in Canada due to various problems such as small bridges and the lack of highways within the city limits.
Architecture
Vancouver Art Gallery is located in the city center in a neoclassical courthouse built in 1906. The courthouse was designed by Francis Rattenbury, who also designed the British Columbia Parliament Building and Empress Hotel in Victoria, and Secondly decorated luxury Vancouver hotel. The 556-room Vancouver Hotel, opened in 1939 and the third by that name, is across the street with its copper roof. The Gothic Gothic Church Cathedral, opposite the hotel, was opened in 1894 and declared a heritage building in 1976.
There are several modern buildings in the city center, including the Harbor Center, Vancouver Law Courts, and the surrounding plaza known as Robson Square (designed by Arthur Erickson) and the Vancouver Library Square (designed by Moshe Safdie and DA Architects), reminiscent of the Colosseum in Rome , and the recently completed Woodward's building Redevelopment (designed by Henriquez Partners Architects).
The original Hydro BC headquarters building (designed by Ron Thom and Ned Pratt) on Nelson Road and Burrard is a modernist high building, now converted into an Electra condom. Also notable are the "concrete waffles" from the MacMillan Bloedel building in the northeast corner of the Georgia and Thurlow intersection.
A prominent addition to the city's landscape is the giant Canadian tent-place (designed by Zeidler Roberts Partnership Partnership, MCMP & DA Architects), former Canadian Pavilion of the 1986 World Exposition, which includes parts of the Convention Center, Pan -Pacific Hotel, and cruise terminal terminals. Two modern buildings that define the southern skyline away from the city center are the City Hall and the Centennial Pavilion of Vancouver General Hospital, both designed by Townley and Matheson in 1936 and 1958, respectively.
The collection of Edward-style buildings in the old city center of the city, in their day, was the highest commercial building in the United Kingdom. This is, in a row, the Carter-Cotton House (former The Vancouver Province ), Dominion Building (1907) and Sun Tower (1911), formerly two in Cambie and Hastings Streets and the last in Beatty and Pender Streets. The Sun Tower cupola was eventually surpassed as the highest commercial building in the Empire by the intricate Art Deco Marine Building in the 1920s. The Marine Building is known for its intricate ceramic tile surfaces and brass doors and elevators, making it a favorite location for film making. Topping the list of tallest buildings in Vancouver is Living Shangri-La at 201 meters (659 feet) and 62 floors. The second tallest building in Vancouver is Trump International Hotel and Tower at 188 meters (617 feet), followed by Private Residences at Hotel Georgia, at 156 meters (512 feet). The fourth highest is the One Wall Center at 150 meters (490 feet) and 48 floors, followed by Shaw Tower at 149 meters (489 feet).
Demographics
The 2011 Census records over 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest place among Canadian cities. More specifically, Vancouver is the fourth largest in Western Canada after Calgary, Edmonton and Winnipeg. The metropolitan area known as Greater Vancouver, with over 2.4 million inhabitants, is the third most densely populated metropolitan area in the country and the most densely populated in Western Canada. The larger Lower Mainland-Southwest economic region (which includes Squamish-Lillooet, Fraser Valley and the Sunshine Coast Regional District) has a population of over 2.93 million. With 5,249 people per sq km (13,590 sq mi), Vancouver City is the most populous city in Canada with more than 5,000 inhabitants. About 74 percent of people living in Metro Vancouver live outside the city.
Vancouver has been called the "neighborhood city". Every neighborhood in Vancouver has different characters and ethnic mixes. People from England, Scotland, and Ireland are historically the largest ethnic group in the city, and elements of English society and culture are still visible in some areas, especially South Granville and Kerrisdale. Germany was the next largest ethnic group in Vancouver and was a major force in the urban community and economy until the emergence of anti-German sentiment with the outbreak of World War I in 1914. Today the Chinese are the largest ethnic group seen in the city, with the Chinese-speaking community which are diverse, and several dialects, including Cantonese and Mandarin. Areas with different ethnic commercial areas include Chinatown, Punjabi Market, Little Italy, Greektown, and (formerly) Japantown.
Since the 1980s, immigration has increased dramatically, making cities more ethnically and linguistically diverse; 52% do not speak English as their first language. Nearly 30% of the city's population are of Chinese descent. In the 1980s, the influx of immigrants from Hong Kong in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China, combined with an increase in immigrants from mainland China and previous immigrants from Taiwan, founded in Vancouver one of the highest ethnic concentrations. Chinese population in North America. The arrival of these Asian immigrants continues the immigration tradition from around the world that has set Vancouver as the second most popular destination for immigrants in Canada after Toronto. Other important ethnic Asian groups in Vancouver are South Asia (mostly Punjabis) usually referred to as Indo-Canada (5.7%), Philippines (5.0%), Japan (1.7%), Korea (1.5% ), as well as a considerable community from Vietnam, Indonesia and Cambodia. Despite the increase in Latin American immigration to Vancouver in the 1980s and 90s, recent immigration was relatively low, and African immigration was similarly stagnant (3.6% and 3.3% of the total immigrant population, respectively). Vancouver's black population is quite small compared to other major Canadian cities, which make up 0.9% of the city. The Strathcona neighborhood is the core of the city's Jewish community. Hogan's Alley, a small area adjacent to Chinatown, just off Main Street in Prior, was once home to a significant black community. In 1981 less than 7% of the population belonged to a visible minority group. In 2008, this proportion has increased to 51%.
Prior to Hong Kong's diaspora in the 1990s, the largest non-English ethnic group in the city was Ireland and Germany, followed by Scandinavia, Italy, Ukraine and China. From the mid-1950s to the 1980s, many Portuguese immigrants came to Vancouver and the city had the third largest Portuguese population in Canada in 2001. Eastern Europeans, including Russians, Czechs, Poles, Romanians and Hungarians began immigrating after the takeover Soviet from Eastern Europe after World War II. Greek immigration increased in the late 1960s and early 70s, with most settling in the Kitsilano region. Vancouver also has a significant aboriginal community of about 11,000 people.
Vancouver has a large LGBT community focused on the West End neighborhoods lined along Davie Street, recently officially designated as Davie Village, although gay communities are ubiquitous throughout the West End and Yaletown regions. Vancouver is host to one of LGBT's biggest annual pride parades in the country.
Economy
With its location on the Pacific Rim and at the western end of Canada's transcontinental and railway routes, Vancouver is one of the largest industrial centers in the country. Port Metro Vancouver, Canada's largest and diversified port, makes over C $ 172 billion in trades with over 160 different trade economies each year. Port activities generate $ 9.7 billion in gross domestic product and $ 20.3 billion in economic output. Vancouver is also the headquarters of forest products and mining companies. In recent years, Vancouver has been the center of software development, biotechnology, aerospace, video game development, animation studio and television production and film industry. Vancouver hosts about 65 movies and 55 TV series each year and is a movie & amp; TV production center in North America, supporting 20,000 jobs. The city's strong focus on lifestyle and health culture also makes it a center for many brand-lifestyle with Lululemon, Arc'teryx, Kit and Ace, Co-op Mountain Tools, Herschel Supply Co., Aritzia, Reigning Champ, and Nature's Path Foods all established and headquartered in Vancouver.
The beautiful location of Vancouver makes it a prime tourist destination. More than 10.3 million people visit Vancouver in 2017. Each year, tourism accounts for about $ 4.8 billion for the Metro Vancouver economy and supports more than 70,000 jobs. Many visit to see the city park, Stanley Park, Queen Elizabeth Park, VanDusen Botanical Gardens and mountains, oceans, forests and parks that surround the city. Every year more than a million people pass through Vancouver on cruise ships, often heading for Alaska.
Vancouver is the city most emphasized in the spectrum of residential affordability in Canada. In 2012, Vancouver is classified by Demographia as the second most inaccessible city in the world, rated as more severe in 2012 than in 2011. The city has adopted various strategies to reduce housing costs, including cooperative housing, authorized secondary suites, density and intelligent growth. In April 2010, the average two-storey house in Vancouver was sold for a record high of $ 987,500, compared to an average $ 365,141 Canada. A factor that explains high property prices is probably a policy by the Canadian government that allows snow laundering, which allows foreigners to buy property in Canada while protecting their identity from tax authorities, making real estate transactions as an effective way to launder money.
Since the 1990s, the development of high-end condoms on the downtown peninsula has been funded, in part, by the capital inflows of Hong Kong immigrants due to the surrender of former colonies in 1997 to China. Such construction has been clustered in the districts of Yaletown and Coal Harbor and around many of the Skytrain stations to the east of the city center. The selection of cities to host the 2010 Winter Olympics is also a major influence on economic development. Concern has been disclosed that an increase in the homeless issue of Vancouver will be compounded by the Olympics because the owners of a one-room residential hotel, which houses many of the city's lowest-income residents, are changing their property to attract high-income residents and tourists. Another important international event held in Vancouver, the 1986 World Fair, received over 20 million visitors and added $ 3.7 billion to the Canadian economy. Some of Vancouver's still-standing landmarks, including the public transit system SkyTrain and Canada Place, were built as part of the exhibition.
Government
Vancouver, unlike the other British Columbia townships, is incorporated in Vancouver Charter . The law, passed in 1953, supersedes the Vancouver Incorporation Act, 1921 and provides more and more power than any other community under BC's Municipalities Act.
The civilian government was dominated by the center-right Non-Partisan Association (NPA) since World War II, albeit with some significant left-center interludes until 2008. The NPA experienced a fracture of drug policy issues in 2002, facilitating a landslide victory for the Progressive Electors Coalition (COPE) on the harm reduction platform. Furthermore, the only safe legal injection site in North America was opened to a large number of intravenous heroin users in the city.
Vancouver is governed by eleven Vancouver City Council members, nine members of the School Board, and a seven-member Garden Council, all serving a three-year term. Unusual for the size of the city of Vancouver, all municipal elections are on a large scale. Historically, at all levels of government, the more affluent westerners of Vancouver have chosen a conservative or liberal line while the east side of the city has chosen along the left wing line. This was reaffirmed with the 2005 provincial elections and the 2006 federal election.
Despite polarization, political consensus has emerged in Vancouver around a number of issues. The protection of urban parks, focusing on rapid transit development compared to the expressway system, the hazard-reduction approach to illegal drug use, and the general concern about community-based development are examples of widely supported policies. across the political spectrum in Vancouver.
In the 2008 City Election campaign, NPA's incumbent Mayor Sam Sullivan was ousted as the mayoral candidate by the party in a close vote, which put Peter Ladner as the new mayor candidate for the NPA. Gregor Robertson, former MLA for Vancouver-Fairview and head of Happy Planet, is a mayoral candidate for Vision Vancouver, another major competitor. Candidate candidate Vancouver Gregor Robertson defeated Ladner by a considerable margin, close to 20,000 votes. The balance of power is significantly shifted to the Vancouver Vision, which holds seven out of 10 places for board members. Of the remaining three, COPE received two and one NPA. For the park commissioner, four places go to Vision Vancouver, one to Green Party, one to COPE, and one to NPA. For guardians, there are four Vancouver Vision seats, three COPE seats, and two NPA chairs.
The Vancouver budget consists of capital and operating components. The operating budget of 2017 is $ 1.323 billion, while the operating budget 2018 is $ 1.407 billion (a year's increase of 6.4%). The capital budget for 2018 has not changed from 2017 and reached $ 426.4 million. The increase in budgets is largely funded through increased property taxes and the contribution of public conveniences imposed in exchange for the increased density allowed as part of the construction permitting process. Utility costs and other user fees have also been upgraded, but represent a relatively small portion of Vancouver's overall budget.
Local government
Vancouver is a municipality member of Metro Vancouver, a local government. In total there are 22 municipalities, one electoral district and one First Nation treaty comprising Metro Vancouver, the local government that sits in Burnaby. While each member of Metro Vancouver has a separate local government agency, Metro Vancouver oversees public services and planning functions in areas such as providing drinking water; operation of waste and handling of solid waste; maintaining regional parks; oversee air quality, greenhouse gases and ecological health; and provide strategies for regional growth and land use.
Provincial and federal representations
In the British Columbia Legislative Council, Vancouver is represented by 11 Legislative Assembly Members (MLAs). In July 2017, there were three seats hosted by the Liberal BC Party and eight seats by the New Democratic Party of BC.
In the House of Commons of Canada, Vancouver is represented by six Members of Parliament. In the latest 2015 federal election, the Liberals retain two seats (Vancouver Quadra and Vancouver Center) and earn two more, while the NDP maintains two seats (Vancouver East and Vancouver Kingsway), they are detained while the Conservatives temporarily close the city. Currently, two Cabinet Ministers are from the city. Jody Wilson-Raybould is the Canadian Attorney General, while Harjit Sajjan is the Secretary of National Defense.
Policing and crime
Vancouver operates the Vancouver Police Department, with 1,327 sworn members and an operating budget of $ 257.6 million by 2015. More than 16% of the city budget was spent on police protection in 2005.
Vancouver Police Department's operational division includes a bicycle squad, marine army, and dog team. It also has a squad attached, used primarily for patrolling Stanley Park and sometimes Downtown Eastside and West End, as well as for mass control. Police work together with civilians and volunteers running the Community Police Center. In 2006, the police department established its own Anti-Terrorism Unit. In 2005, the new transit police force, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service (now the British Southern Coast Transportation Police Service), was established with full police force.
Although illegal, Vancouver police generally do not catch people because it has a small amount of marijuana. In 2000 the Vancouver Police Department established a special drug group, "Growbusters", to conduct an aggressive campaign against a city estimated at 4,000 growing (or growing-ops) hydroponic cannabis operations in residential areas. Like other law enforcement campaigns targeting marijuana, this initiative has been sharply criticized.
In 2008, Vancouver had the seventh highest crime rate, dropping 3 places since 2005, among 27 metropolitan census regions in Canada. However, like other Canadian cities, the overall crime rate has dropped "dramatically". Property crime rates in Vancouver are very high, including the highest among major cities in North America. But even property crime fell 10.5% between 2004 and 2005. For 2006, Metro Vancouver had the highest weapons-related rate of any major metropolitan area in Canada, with 45.3 violent violations involving weapons for every 100,000 people in Metro Vancouver , above the national average of 27.5. A series of gang-related incidents in early 2009 increased to what the police called gang war. Vancouver plays host to special events such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference, Clinton-Yeltsin Summit, or the Symphony of Fire fireworks show that requires significant police. The 1994 Stanley Cup riot made the police overwhelmed and injured as many as 200 people. The second riot came after the 2011 Stanley Cup Final.
Military
Jericho Beach in Vancouver is the location of 39 Canadian Brigade Group of Canadian Army headquarters. The local primary reserve units include The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada and the British Columbia Regiment, based in Seaforth Armory and Beatty Street Drill Hall, respectively, and the 15th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery. The Naval Reserve Unit HMCS Discovery is based on Deadman Island at Stanley Park. The Jericho Beach RCAF Station, the first air base in Western Canada, was taken over by the Canadian Army in 1947 when the plane was replaced by a long-haul plane. Most of the basic facilities were moved to Vancouver City in 1969 and the area was renamed "Taman Jericho".
Education
The Vancouver School Board enrolled more than 110,000 students in primary, secondary, and post-secondary schools, making it the second largest school district in the province. The district manages about 76 elementary schools, 17 basic pavilions, 18 secondary schools, 7 adult education centers, 2 Vancouver Learning Network schools, which include 18 French immersion, a bilingual Mandarin, a school of art, talent, and Montessori. The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates three French schools in the city: elementary school ÃÆ' Â © cole Rose-des-vents and ÃÆ' Â © cole Anne -Ha © bert and also ÃÆ' Â © cole secondaire Jules-Verne . More than 46 independent schools of various kinds also qualify for partial provincial funding and educate about 10% of students in the city.
There are five state universities in the Greater Vancouver region, the largest being the University of British Columbia (UBC) and Simon Fraser University (SFU), with a combined registration of over 90,000 students, graduates, and professional students in 2008. UBC is consistently among 40 of the world's best universities, and are among the top 20 state universities. SFU is consistently ranked as the top comprehensive university in Canada and is one of the top 200 universities in the world. UBC's main campus is located at the end of the Burrard Peninsula, just west of the University End Lands End with a city just to the east. The main SFU campus is in Burnaby. Both also maintain campuses in Downtown Vancouver and Surrey. Other state universities in the metropolitan area around Vancouver are Capilano University in North Vancouver, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, and Kwantlen Polytechnical University, four campuses located outside the city. Six private institutions also operate in the region: Trinity Western University in Langley, and Western Canada University, NYIT Canada, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Columbia College and Sprott Shaw College, all in Vancouver.
Vancouver Community College and Langara College are publicly funded college level institutions in Vancouver, such as Douglas College with three off-campus campuses. The British Columbia Institute of Technology at Burnaby provides polytechnic education. This is coupled with other private institutions and colleges in the area around Metro Vancouver that provide career, trade and university transfer programs, while Vancouver Film School provides a one-year program in film production and video game design.
International students and students of English as a Second Language (ESL) have been significant in the registration of these public and private institutions. For the 2008-2009 school year, 53% of students from Vancouver School Schools spoke in languages ​​other than English at home.
Art and culture
Theater, dance, film and television
Theater
Vancouver's leading theater companies include the Arts Club Theater Company in Granville Island, and Bard on the Beach. Smaller companies include Touchstone Theater, and Studio 58. The Cultch, The Firehall Arts Center, the United Players, Pacific and Metro Theaters, all run a sustainable theater season. Under the Stars Theater produces a summer show at Malkin Bowl at Stanley Park. The annual festivals held in Vancouver include the PuSh International Performing Arts Festival in January and the Vancouver Festival Fringe in September.
The Vancouver Playhouse Theater Company operates for fifty years, ending in March 2012.
Dance
Scotiabank Dance Center, a converted bank building on the corner of Davie and Granville, serves as a gathering place and a performance venue for Vancouver dancers and choreographers. Dance for the Little Stage is a semi-annual dance festival.
Movies
The Vancouver International Film Festival, which runs for two weeks every September, features over 350 films and is one of North America's biggest film festivals. The Vancouver International Film Center, Vancity Theater, runs independent non-commercial films for the rest of the year, just like the Pacific movie theater, and the Rio Theater.
Movies set in Vancouver
Vancouver has become a major movie location, known as North Hollywood, as it has stood for several US cities. However, it has begun to emerge as itself in some big screen movies. Among the films in the city and beyond are the romantic comedy drama 1999 Cousins, starring Ted Danson and Isabella Rossellini; 1994 US thriller Intersection , starring Richard Gere and Sharon Stone; the 2007 ghost thriller Canada They're Waiting , starring Terry Chen and Jaime King; and Canada's famous 'mockumentary', the Hard Core Logo, and has been named the second-best Canadian film of the past 15 years, in a 2001 poll of 200 industrial voters, conducted by the Playback.
Television produced in Vancouver
Many past and present TV shows have been filmed and organized in Vancouver. Canada's first national prime time series produced in Vancouver is Cold Squad and the storyline is also physically arranged in the city. Other series in or around Vancouver include the Continuum , Da Vinci Investigations , Danger Bay , Edgemont , < i> Godiva's , Intelligence , Motif , Northwood , Primeval: New World , Robson Arms , The Romeo Section , Shattered , The Switch , and This Mining Weapon .
Acara televisi yang diproduksi (tetapi tidak diatur) di Vancouver termasuk 21 Jump Street , The 100 , The 4400 , Airwolf , Hampir Manusia , Panah , Backstrom , Caprica , Cedar Cove , Chesapeake Shores , The Commish , Dark Angel , Badan Detektif Holistik Dirk Gently , Flash The Good Doctor , Pembenci Mundur , Hellcats , Intelijen , iZombie , Pembunuhan , The L Word , Hidup Tak Terduga , Pria di Istana Tinggi , Sekali. Waktu , Psych , Reaper , Riverdale , Rogue , Smallville , Stargate SG-1 , Supergirl , Supernatural , Orang Besok , Para Penyihir i>, Tru Calling , Van Helsing , Penyihir East End , dan The X-Files .
Perpustakaan dan museum
The Vancouver library includes the Vancouver Public Library with its main branch at Library Square, designed by Moshe Safdie. The head office has 1.5 million volumes. Overall there are twenty-two branches that contain 2.25 million volumes. The Vancouver Tool Library is a Canadian native instrument borrowing library.
The Vancouver Art Gallery has a permanent collection of nearly 10,000 items and is home of a large number of Emily Carr's works. However, little or no permanent collection has ever been seen. Downtown is also home to the Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), which features temporary exhibitions by upcoming Vancouver artists. The Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery with a small collection of contemporary works is part of the University of British Columbia.
In the Kitsilano district is the Vancouver Maritime Museum, H. R. MacMillan Space Center, and the Vancouver Museum, Canada's largest civilian museum. The Anthropology Museum at UBC is the cultural museum of Pacific Northwest Coast First Nations. A more interactive museum is Science World at the head of False Creek. The city also features a diverse collection of Public Arts.
Visual art
The Vancouver School of Conceptual Photography (often referred to as photoconceptualism) is a term applied to the grouping of artists from Vancouver who gained international recognition from the 1980s. No formal "school" exists and its groupings remain informal and often controversial even among the artists themselves, who often reject the term. Artists associated with the term include Jeff Wall, Ian Wallace, Ken Lum, Roy Arden, Stan Douglas and Rodney Graham.
Music and nightlife
Music contributions from Vancouver include classical, folk and popular music players. The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra is a city-based professional orchestra. Vancouver Opera is a major opera company in the city, and the City Opera of Vancouver is the city's professional space opera company. The city is home to a number of Canadian composers including Rodney Sharman, Jeffrey Ryan, and Jocelyn Morlock.
The city produced a number of famous punk rock bands, including D.O.A. Other early Vancouver punk bands include Subhumans, Young Canadians, Pointed Sticks, and UJ3RK5. When alternative rock became popular in the 1990s, several Vancouver groups became famous, including 54-40, Odds, Moist, Matthew Good Band, Sons of Freedom, and Econoline Crush. Vancouver's most recent bands include Gob, Marianas Trench, Theory of a Deadman and Stabilo. Today, Vancouver is home to a number of popular independent bands such as The New Pornographers, Japandroids, Destroyer, In Medias Res, Tegan and Sara, and independent labels including Nettwerk and Mint. Vancouver also produces influential metal bands Strapping Young Lad and pioneering electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy, Numb and Front Line Assembly; Bill Leeb is the latter better known as the founder of the super group Delicium ambient. Other popular music artists who make the mark from Vancouver include Carly Rae Jepsen, Bryan Adams, Sarah McLachlan, Heart, Prism, Trooper, Chilliwack, Payolas, Moev, Pictures in Vogue, Michael Bublà ©  ©, Stef Lang and Spirit of the West.
Larger music performances are usually held in places such as the Rogers Arena, Queen Elizabeth Theater, BC Place Stadium or the Pacific Coliseum, while smaller performances are held at venues such as Commodore Ballroom, Orpheum Theater and Vogue Theater. The Vancouver Folk Music Festival and the Vancouver International Jazz Festival feature music in their respective genres from around the world. The Hong Kong Chinese population in Vancouver has produced several Cantopop stars in the Hong Kong entertainment industry. Similarly, various Indo-Canadian artists and actors have profiles in Bollywood or other aspects of the Indian entertainment industry.
Vancouver has a vibrant nightlife, whether it's food and eating places, or bars and nightclubs. The Granville Entertainment District has the city's highest concentration of bars and nightclubs with 3 closing spots, as well as various clubs open until late morning on weekends. Roads can attract a lot of people on weekends and are closed for traffic on such nights. Gastown is also a popular area for nightlife with many upscale restaurants and nightclubs, as well as Davie Village which is the center of LGBT city community.
Media
Vancouver is a center for film and television production. Nicknamed North Hollywood, the difference with Toronto, the city has been used as a movie-making location for nearly a century, beginning with Edison Manufacturing Company. In 2008 more than 260 productions were filmed in Vancouver. In 2011, Vancouver slumped to fourth place overall at 1.19 billion, though the region still leads Canada in foreign production.
Various kinds of local, national, and international newspapers are distributed in the city. The two major English-language newspapers are The Vancouver Sun and The Province . Also, there are two national newspapers distributed in the city, including The Globe and Mail , which started the publication of the "national edition" at B.C. in 1983 and recently expanded to include three B.C pages. news section, and National Post centered on national news. Other local newspapers include 24H (free local daily), Vancouver franchise of the national free daily Metro , twice weekly Vancouver Courier , and mail independent news The Georgia Straight . The three Chinese-language newspapers, Ming Pao, Sing Tao and World Journal serve the large Cantonese and Mandarin inhabitants. A number of other local and international papers serve other multicultural groups in the Lower Mainland.
Some local television stations include CBC, Citytv, CTV and Global BC. OMNI British Columbia produces daily newscasts in Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi and Korean, and weekly newscasts in Tagalog, as well as programs aimed at other cultural groups. Fairchild Group also has two television stations: Fairchild TV and Talentvision, each serving Cantonese and Mandarin audiences.
Radio stations with news departments including CBC Radio One, CKNW, and News 1130. The Franco-Columbus community is served by Radio-Canada channel CBUFT channel 26 (TÃÆ'Ã… © lÃÆ' Â © vision de Radio-Canada), CBUF-FM 97.7 (PremiÃÆ'¨ re ChaÃÆ'®ne) and CBUX-FM 90.9 (Espace musique). The multilingual community of South Asia is served by Spice Radio at 1200 AM established in 2014.
Media dominance is a frequently-discussed issue in Vancouver such as The Vancouver Sun , provincial , Vancouver Courier and other local newspapers such as Surrey Now , Burnaby Now and Richmond News , all owned by Postmedia Network. The concentration of media ownership has spurred alternatives, making Vancouver an independent online media center including The Tyee , Vancouver Observer and NowPublic, as well as online hyperlocal media, such as Vancouver Is Awesome , which provides coverage of community events and local art and culture.
Transportation
The Vancouver tram system began on June 28, 1890, and ran from Granville Road Bridge (first) to Westminster Avenue (now Main Street and Kingsway). Less than a year later, Westminster and Vancouver Tramway Company began operating the first interurban line in Canada between two cities (expanded to Chilliwack in 1910). Other lines (1902), Vancouver and the Lulu Island Railway, were chartered by the Canadian Pacific Railway to the British Columbia Electric Railway in 1905 and ran from Granville Street Bridge to Steveston through Kerrisdale, which encouraged residential neighborhoods outside the central core to develop. From 1897, the British Columbia Electric Railway (BCER) became a company that operated urban and interurban rail systems, until 1958, when the last remnants were dismantled to support "trolley" and gasoline/diesel trolleys; in the same year BCER became the core of the newly created BC Hydro, owned by the public. Vancouver currently has the second largest trolleybus fleet in North America, after San Francisco.
Successive city councils in the 1970s and 1980s banned the construction of toll roads as part of long-term plans. As a result, the only major highway within the city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the northeast corner of the city. While the number of cars in Vancouver has been steadily increasing with population growth, the car ownership level and the daily distance driven by daily commuters have dropped since the early 1990s. Vancouver is Canada's only major city with this trend. Despite the fact that the travel time per vehicle has increased by one third and the increase in traffic, there are 7% fewer cars traveling to the city center. In 2012, Vancouver experienced the worst traffic jam in Canada and the second highest in North America, behind Los Angeles. In 2013, Vancouver now has the worst traffic jams in North America. Residents are more likely to live in areas closer to their interests, or use more energy-efficient travel means, such as mass transit and cycling. This, in part, results from encouragement by city planners for solutions to traffic problems and pro-environment campaigns. The transportation demand management policy has imposed restrictions on drivers making it more difficult and expensive to travel while introducing more benefits for non-drivers.
TransLink is responsible for roads and public transport in Metro Vancouver (as a substitute for B.C. Transit, which has taken over the transit function of B.C. Hydro). It provides bus services, including the B-Line fast bus service, passenger and bicycle ferry services (known as SeaBus), an automated quick transit service called SkyTrain, and West Coast Express commuter rail. The Vancouver SkyTrain system currently runs on three lanes, the Millennium Line, Canada Line and Expo Line with a total of 53 stations by 2017. Only 20 of these stations are within the borders of Vancouver City, with the remainder next to the suburbs. Some of the city's greatest attractions, such as English Bay/Stanley Park, the Vancouver Aquarium, the University of British Columbia with the Museum of Anthropology, and Kitsilano are not connected to this rapid transit system.
Changes are being made to the regional transport network as part of the Linkink 10 Year Transport Plan. The Canadian route, opened on August 17, 2009, links Vancouver International Airport and Richmond's neighboring city to the existing SkyTrain system. The Evergreen Extension, which opened on 2 December 2016, connects the towns of Coquitlam and Port Moody with the SkyTrain system. There are also plans to extend the West Millenium Line SkyTrain to UBC as a subway under Broadway and capacity upgrades and extensions to the Expo Line. Some road projects will be completed in the next few years, as part of the Provincial Government Gateway Program.
Other modes of transportation add to the diversity of options available in Vancouver. Inter-city passenger train services are operated from Pacific Central Station via Via Rail to the eastern point, Amtrak Cascades to Seattle and Portland, and Rocky Mountaineer rail routes. The small passenger ferry operating at False Creek provides commuting services to Granville Island, Downtown Vancouver, and Kitsilano. Vancouver has a network of bicycle paths and city routes, which support the cyclists' active population throughout the year. Cycling has become the fastest growing mode of transportation in Vancouver. The Mobi bike distribution system was introduced to the city in June 2016.
Vancouver is served by Vancouver International Airport (YVR), located on the Sea Island in Richmond city, just south of Vancouver. Vancouver Airport is Canada's second busiest airport, and the second largest gateway on the west coast of North America for international passengers. The HeliJet and float aircraft companies operate scheduled air services from Vancouver Harbor and the southern YVR terminal. The city is also served by two Ferry BC terminals. One is to the northwest of Horseshoe Bay (in West Vancouver), and the other is to the south, at Tsawwassen (in Delta).
Sports and leisure
The cool climate of the city and its proximity to the sea, mountains, rivers and lakes make this area a popular destination for outdoor recreation. Vancouver has over 1,298 hectares (3,210 acres) of parks, where, Stanley Park, on 404 acres (1,000 acres), is the largest. The city has several large beaches, many adjacent to each other, stretching from the Stanley Park coastline around False Creek to the south side of English Bay, from Kitsilano to University Endowment Lands, (which also has beaches that are not part of the proper city). The 18 kilometers (11 miles) from the beach include Second and Third Beach at Stanley Park, English Bay (First Beach), Sunset, Kitsilano Beach, Jericho, Locarno, Spanish Bank, Spanish Bank Extension, West Spain Bank, and Wreck Beach. There is also a freshwater beach at Trout Lake in John Hendry Park. The coastline provides many types of water sports, and the city is a popular destination for boat enthusiasts.
Within 20 to 30 minutes' drive from downtown Vancouver is the North Shore Mountains, with three ski areas: Cypress Mountain, Grouse Mountain and Mount Seymour. Mountain bikers have created a world-famous path across the North Shore. The Capilano River, Lynn Creek and Seymour River, also on the North Shore, provide an opportunity for water enthusiasts during the rain and spring periods to melt, although the valleys of the rivers are mostly used for hiking and swimming rather than whitewater.
Running races include the Vancouver Sun Run (10-kilometer (6.2Ã, mi) race) every April; Vancouver marathon, held every May; and the Vancouver Half-Marathon Scotiabank is held every June. Grouse Grind is a 2.9 kilometers (1.8 million) climb Grouse Mountain open throughout the summer and fall, including the annual Grouse Grind Mountain Run. The hiking trails include the Baden-Powell Trail, 42 kilometers (26 million) ascent of Horseshoe Bay, West Vancouver, to Deep Cove in the North Vancouver District.
Vancouver is also home to the famous cycling race. Most of the summer since 1973, the Global Relay Gastown Grand Prix has been held on the stones of Gastown stones. The race and the UBC Grand Prix are part of BC Superweek, a series of annual professional bike races at Metro Vancouver.
In 2009, Metro Vancouver hosted the World Police and Fire Games. The Swangard Stadium, in neighboring Burnaby, hosted the 2007 U-20 World Cup.
Vancouver, along with Whistler and Richmond, is the host city for the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics. On 12 June 2010, he played host to Ultimate Fighting Championship 115 (UFC 115) which is the fourth UFC event to be held in Canada (and the first outside Montreal).
In 2011, Vancouver hosted the Gray Cup, the Canadian Football League championships (CFL) given annually to different cities that have CFL teams. The BC Titans of the International Basketball League played its inaugural season in 2009, with a home game at the Langley Event Center. Vancouver is the fastest growing sports center. During the summer of 2008, Vancouver hosted the Ultimate World Championship.
The National Basketball Association (NBA) came to town in the form of the Vancouver Grizzlies in 1995. They played their matches at the Rogers Arena. After 6 years in Vancouver, the team moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001.
By 2015, Vancouver is one of six places for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup and hosts the Final match between the United States and Japan.
Vancouver has an adult obesity rate of 12% compared to Canada's average of 23%. 51.8% of Vancouver people are overweight, making it the fourth thinnest city in Canada after Toronto, Montreal, and Halifax.
Current professional team
Twin towns - twin cities
The city of Vancouver is one of the first cities in Canada to enter into an international sister city setting. Special arrangements for cultural, social and economic benefits have been created with these twin cities.
Sustainability
The city of Vancouver has taken a number of steps to become a sustainable city. Ninety-three percent of the electricity used in Vancouver is produced using sustainable resources such as hydroelectric power. The city is also actively working to become a greener city. The city of Vancouver has drawn up an action plan of its intended purpose d
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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