Grief

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Sorrow is a diverse response to loss, especially to the loss of a person or something that has died, where bonds or affections are formed. Although conventionally focuses on the emotional response to loss, it also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical dimensions. Although this term is often used interchangeably, grieving refers to a state of loss, and sadness is a reaction to the loss.

Sorrow is a natural response to loss. It is the emotional distress that a person feels when something or someone else's loved one is taken. The sadness associated with death is familiar to most people, but the individual grieves in connection with the various losses throughout their lives, such as unemployment, ill health or the end of a relationship. Losses can be categorized as physical or abstract, physical loss associated with something that can be touched or measured by the individual, such as loss of spouse through death, while other types of disadvantages are abstract, and related to aspects of one's social interaction.

Video Grief

The grieving process

Recently, there is a high level of skepticism about the universal and predictable "emotional path" that leads from trouble to "recovery" with the appreciation that sadness is a more complex process to adapt to losses than previously proposed phases and models of phases. The Two-Track Model of Bereavement, created by Simon Shimshon Rubin in 1981, is a theory of sadness that gives a deeper focus on the grieving process. This model examines the long-term effects of loss by measuring how well the person is adapting to the significant loss of a person in his life. The main purpose of the Two-Track Model of Bereavement is for individuals to "manage and live in the reality where the deceased does not exist" as well as return to normal biological function. (Malkinson, 2006)

Track One is focused on the biopsychosocial grief function. It focuses on anxiety, depression, somatic worries, traumatic responses, family relationships, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, meaning structures, occupations, and investments in life tasks. Rubin (2010) Pointing, "Line 1, the range of aspects of a functioning individual across psychiatric, interpersonal, somatic and classical psychiatric indicators is considered" (Shimshon 686). All the terms listed above are recorded for their benefit in relation to people's responses to sadness and loss.

The importance of the closeness between the grieving and the deceased is important for Line 1 because it can determine the severity of grief and abandonment that it will survive. This first song is a response to a very stressful life event and requires adaptation along with change and integration. The second line focuses on the ongoing relationship you have with the deceased. Line two primarily focuses on how the mourning person connects with the deceased and at what level of proximity is shared. The stronger the relationship with the deceased will lead to the evaluation of a larger relationship with increased shocks. Track two carries both the positive and negative memories you share with the deceased and the level of emotional involvement you share caused reflection.

Any memory can be a trigger for the bereaved, the way the bereaved person chooses to remember their loved ones, and how those who mourn integrate the memories of the dead into their daily lives.

Ten major attributes for this song include; image/memory, emotional distance, positive effects, negative effects, preoccupation with loss, conflict, idealization, warning/transformation loss, impact on self perception and process of loss (shock, search, disorganized) (Rubin, 1999). The result of this song is able to recognize how the transformation has taken place outside of sadness and mourning (Rubin, 1999). By outlining the main aspects of the grieving process into two interactive tracks, individuals can examine and understand how sadness has affected their lives after the loss and start adapting to this post-loss life. This model offers a better understanding with the duration of time in the wake of a person's loss and results that evolve from death. Using this model, researchers can effectively examine the response to a person's loss by assessing the psychological-behavioral function and relationship with the deceased.

Authors from Whats Your Grief? , Litza Williams and Eleanor Haley, stated in their understanding of clinical and therapeutic usage models:

"In terms of functioning, this model can help the bereaved person to identify which part of his life has been affected by sadness in a negative way and the abandoned area has begun to adapt after a loss, not being able to return to their normal function as before a loss occurs, it is likely they will find difficulty in the process of working through their loss and separation from the deceased. During the relational aspect, the bereaved can become aware of their relationship with the deceased and how it has changed or may change in the future "(Williams & Haley, 2017).

"The Two-Track of Bereavement model can help determine areas of togetherness (how people respond to the effectiveness of trauma and change) and also differences (how people who lost lives can be preoccupied with losing after death compared to how they might be preoccupied with trauma following the exposure) "(Rubin, SS, 1999).

Maps Grief

Reaction

Crying is a normal and natural part of grieving. It has also been found that crying and talking about losing is not the only healthy response and, if forced or exaggerated, can be dangerous. The response or action on the affected person, called the "bad coping" by researcher George Bonanno, may appear to be counter-intuitive or even seem dysfunctional, for example, a celebration, laughter, or self-serving response in interpreting the event. Less crying is also a natural, healthy, potentially protecting individual, and may also be seen as a sign of endurance. Science has found that some grieving healthy people do not spontaneously speak of loss. Pressing people to cry or retelling lost experiences can be dangerous. The original laughter is healthy.

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Five identity grievers

Berger identifies five grieving ways, as exemplified by:

1. Nomad : Nomads have not solved their grief and do not seem to understand the harm that has affected their lives.
2. The Memorialists : This identity is committed to protecting the memory of a loved one who has been lost.
3. Normalizer : This identity is committed to recreating a sense of family and community.
4. Activist : This identity focuses on helping others who deal with the same disease or with the same problem that causes the death of their loved ones.
5. Searchers : This identity will adopt religious, philosophical, or spiritual beliefs to create meaning in their lives.

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Knowledge of sadness

four trajectories of Bonanno sadness

George Bonanno, a professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University, conducted over two decades of scientific studies of sadness and trauma, which have been published in papers in the most respected journals in psychology, such as Psychological Science and The Journal of Abnormal Psychology . The subject of his studies in several thousand and including those who have suffered losses in the US and cross-cultural studies in various countries around the world, such as Israel, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and China. The subjects suffered losses through war, terrorism, child deaths, couples early death, sexual abuse, diagnosis of AIDS children, and potentially devastating potential loss events or potential trauma events.

In Bonanno's book, The Other Side of Sorrow: What The New Science Of Humiliation Tells Us About Life After Losing (ISBN 978-0-465-01360-9), he summarizes his research. Its findings include that natural endurance is a major component of sadness and trauma reactions. The first researcher who used the pre-lost data, he described four trajectories of grief. Bonanno's work has also shown that the absence of symptoms of sadness or trauma is a healthy outcome, rather than the dreaded thing that has been thought and practiced until his research. Because the response to grief can take many forms, including laughter, celebration, and sadness, aside from sadness, Bonanno creates the phrase "coping with evil" to illustrate the idea that some forms of countermeasures may seem counter intuitive. Bonanno has found that natural endurance for humans, showing that resilience can not be "taught" through special programs and that almost no research can be used to design endurance training, nor is there research to support major investments in matters such as military training programs endurance.

Four paths are as follows:

• Resilience : "Adult abilities in normal circumstances exposed to isolated and potentially very disturbing events, such as close or violent death or life-threatening situations, to maintain the level of psychological function and relatively stable physical, healthy "as well as" capacity for generative experience and positive emotions. "
• Recovery : When "temporary normal function gives way to a threshold or sub-threshold medicopathology (eg, depressive symptoms or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD), usually for a period of at least several months, and then gradually return to the pre-event level. "
• Chronic dysfunction : Prolonged suffering and inability to function, usually lasting several years or longer.
• Pending sadness or trauma : When adjustments appear normal but then the pressure and symptoms increase a few months later. Researchers have not found evidence of delayed sadness, but delayed trauma appears to be a genuine phenomenon.

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Five stages of theory

The KÃÆ'¼bler-Ross model, commonly known as the five stages of grief, is a theory first introduced by Elisabeth KÃÆ'¼bler-Ross in his 1969 book, On Death and Dying. KÃÆ'¼bler-Ross really implements the stages for people who are dying, not grieving people. His studies involved his work with a severely ill person and soon in his career he gave the idea that it could be applied to those who were mourning. He once said that it's hard to deny that loved ones have died, but it's easier to deny that you are, in fact, seriously ill. The popular but empirically unsupported model depicts in five different stages how people face sadness and tragedy. These events may include being diagnosed with terminal illness or experiencing catastrophic loss.

Five stages are:

1. rejection
2. angry
3. bargain
4. depression
5. acceptance

The theory states that stages are part of a framework that helps people learn to live without what is lost. Lay people and practitioners consider the stages as a tool to help frame and identify what a person loses. The theory states that the stages do not stop at the linear time line of sadness. This theory also states that not everyone goes through all the stages, or in the order in which they are determined. In addition to the five-stage theory, KÃÆ'¼bler-Ross has been credited with bringing mainstream awareness to the sensitivity required for better treatment of those who deal with fatal illness.

The stage models, which emerged around the 1960s, are a theory based on the observation of dying people, not those who experience the death of a loved one. This model finds empirical support in a study by Maciejewski et al. George Bonanno's research, however, is acknowledged as inadvertently unraveling the five stages of grief because his large peer-reviewed research body shows that most people who experience loss are not sad, but tenacious. The logic is that if there is no sadness, there is no stage to pass.

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Physiological and neurological processes

The women's fMRI scan study of who the sadness caused about the death of a mother or sister in the last 5 years yields the conclusion that sadness generates a local inflammatory response as measured by the pro-inflammatory cytokine saliva concentration. This response is correlated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. This activation also correlates with the free memory of the word stimuli associated with grief. This shows that sadness can cause stress, and that this reaction is related to the emotional processing part of the frontal lobes. The activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and the vagus nerve is similarly involved in a heartbreaking experience either because of social rejection or loss.

Among those who had grieved in the preceding three months of the report, those who reported much intrusive thought about the deceased showed the ventral and rostral anterior cingulate cortex hyperactivity as a reminder of their loss. In the case of the amygdala, this is related to the intensity of their grief. In individuals who avoid such thoughts, there is a related type of opposite pattern in which there is a decrease in dorsal ambiguous activation and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

In those who were not emotionally affected by their loss reminders, fMRI scan studies have been used to conclude that there is a high functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the amygdala activity, suggesting that the first regulates activity at the latter. In people who have a greater intensity of grief, there is a low functional relationship between the anterior rostal cingulate cortex and amygdala activity, suggesting a lack of regulation of the former part of the brain in the latter.

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The theory of evolution

From an evolutionary perspective, sadness is confusing because it looks expensive, and it is not clear what benefits it gives to the sufferer. Some researchers have proposed a functional explanation for sadness, trying to solve this puzzle. Sigmund Freud argues that sadness is a libidinal reinvestment process. The griever must, according to Freud, break away from the deceased, which is a painful process. But this disinvestment allows the griever to use libidinal energy on another, perhaps a new attachment, thus providing valuable functionality. John Archer, approaching the sadness from the perspective of the theory of attachment, argues that sadness is a by-product of the human attachment system. Generally, the response of a type of sadness is adaptive because it encourages the social organism to search for the missing individual (eg, mother or child). However, in the case of death, the response is maladaptive because the individual does not just disappear and the griever can not be reunited with the deceased. Sadness, from this perspective, is a painful cost of human ability to form commitment.

Other researchers such as Randolph Nesse have proposed that sadness is a kind of psychological pain that directs sufferers to a new existence without the deceased and creates a painful but instructive memory. If, for example, leaving a descendant alone in a watering hole causing the death of children, sadness creates a very painful memories of the event, asking the parents to no longer leave the child alone in the watering hole. Recently, Winegard, Reynolds, Winegard, Baumeister, and Maner have argued that sadness may be a socially chosen signal of the individual's tendency to form strong and committed relationships. From the perspective of this social signal, sadness targets old and new social partners, telling them that grievers are able to form strong social commitments. That is, because sadness signifies a person's ability to form strong and faithful social ties, those who display a prolonged response of grief are preferably chosen by the alliance partners. The authors argue that throughout human evolution, sadness is therefore shaped and elaborated by the social decisions of selective alliance partners.

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Risk

Grief, while a normal part of life, carries a level of risk when it is severe. Severe reactions affect about 10% to 15% of people. Severe reactions mainly occur in people with depression who are present before the event of loss. Severe grief reactions can be brought into family relationships. Some researchers have found an increased risk of breaking marriage after the death of a child, for example. Others did not find improvement. John James, author of the Bereavement Recovery Guidebook and founder of the Bereavement Restoration Institute, reported that his marriage broke up after the death of his infant son.

Many studies have looked at the mourning in terms of increased risk for stress-related illnesses. Colin Murray Parkes in the 1960s and 1970s in the UK noted an increase in doctor visits, with symptoms such as abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing, and so forth within the first six months after death. Others have recorded an increase in mortality (Ward, A.W. 1976) and Bunch et al. found the risk of suicide five times greater in adolescents after the death of the elderly.

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Grief complicated

Prolonged prolonged disturbance (PGD), formerly known as complicated grief disorder (CGD), is a pathological reaction to loss representing a group of empirically derived symptoms that have been linked to long-term physical and psychosocial dysfunction. Individuals with PGD experience severe symptoms of sadness for at least six months and are trapped in a maladaptive state. Efforts are being made to create diagnostic categories for complicated grief in DSM-5. Currently an "area for further study" in DSM, under the name Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder. Critics including the complicated grief diagnosis in DSM-5 say that doing so will characterize the natural response as pathology, and will produce wholesale drugs of basically normal people.

Shear and colleagues found effective treatment for elaborate sadness, treating the reaction in the same way as a traumatic reaction.

Complicated grief is not synonymous with sadness. Complicated grief is characterized by long periods of grief and other criteria, including mental and physical disorders. An important part of understanding the complex sadness is to understand how symptoms differ from normal sadness. The Mayo Clinic states that with normal sadness, the feeling of loss is clear. When the reaction turns into sophisticated grief, however, the feelings of loss become helpless and continue even as time passes. The signs and symptoms of complicated sadness characteristics are listed as "an extreme focus on the loss and reminder of a loved one, the intense longing or longing for the deceased, the problem of receiving death, numbness or detachment... the bitterness of your loss, the inability to enjoy life, depression or deep sorrow, the difficulty of doing normal routines, withdrawing from social activities, feeling that life has no meaning or purpose, irritability or anxiety, lack of trust in others. "The symptoms seen in complicated sadness are specific because of the symptoms their symptoms seem to be a combination of symptoms found in separation and traumatic stress. They are also considered complicated because, unlike normal sadness, these symptoms will continue regardless of the amount of time that has elapsed and despite the treatment provided from tricyclic antidepressants.

In the study "Grief and End-of-Life Depression: Grief and Complications in the Elderly" six subjects with complicated grief symptoms were given a dose of Paroxetine, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, and showed a 50% reduction in their symptoms. in a period of three months. The Mental Health Clinical Research Team theorizes that complicated grief symptoms in grieving parents are an alternative to post-traumatic stress. These symptoms are correlated with cancer, hypertension, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideas, increased smoking, and sleep disorders about six months after the death of a spouse.

Treatments that have been found to be useful in dealing with complicated grief-associated symptoms are the use of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors such as Paroxetine. These inhibitors have been found to reduce disturbing thoughts, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal-related complicated sadness. In addition psychotherapy techniques are in the process of being developed.

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Sample mourning

The death of a child

The death of a child can take the form of loss in infancy such as miscarriage or stillbirth or neonatal death, SIDS, or death of an older child. In many cases, parents feel sadness almost unbearable, and tend to have a greater risk factor than other losses. This loss also contains a lifelong process: one does not get 'over' death but must assimilate and live with it. Enjoyable interventions and support can make all the difference to the survival of parents in this kind of grief but the risk factors are large and may include family separation or suicide.

Feelings of guilt, whether legitimate or not, pervasive, and the dependent nature of the relationship make it difficult for parents to cope with problems as they try to overcome this great loss. Parents who suffer from miscarriages or repressed or forced abortion may experience resentment against others who have had a successful pregnancy.

Suicide

Suicide rates are growing worldwide and over the last thirty years there has been international research trying to curb this phenomenon and gathering knowledge of who is "at risk". When parents lose their children through suicide, it is traumatic, sudden and affects all loved ones affected by this child. Suicide leaves many unanswered questions and makes most parents feel hurt, angry and very sad for such loss. Parents may feel that they can not openly discuss their grief and feel their emotions because of how their child died and how those around them can sense the situation. Parents, family members, and service providers all affirm the unique nature of suicide-related destruction after the loss of a child. They report a wall of silence that is going on around them and how people interact with them. One of the best ways to grieve and move away from this type of loss is to find a way to make the child an active part of their lives. Perhaps personally at first but as parents move away from the silence, they can move into a more proactive healing time.

The death of a spouse

Couples death is usually a very strong loss. Couples often become part of the others in a unique way: many widows and widowers describe the loss of 'half' of themselves. Days, months, and years after losing a partner will never be the same and learning to live without them may be more difficult than expected. Unique grief experience for everyone. Sharing and building life with other human beings, then learning to live on their own, can be a more complex adjustment than one can expect.

After a long marriage, at an older age, parents may find it very difficult assimilating to start a new life; but at a younger age too, marital relationships are often a very profound thing for survivors.

The factor is the way in which the couple dies. Survivors of a life partner who die of illness have different experiences of loss than a survivor of a couple who died of violence. Sadness, in all events, however, can always be the most profound thing for widows and widowers. Emotional anxiety, crying attacks, helplessness and despair are only small examples of what a widow or widower can face. Depression and loneliness are very common. Feeling bitter and upset is a normal feeling for a "left" partner. Often, widows/widowers may find it necessary to seek professional help in the face of their new life.

In addition, most couples have a division of 'duty' or 'work', for example, the husband cuts the page, the wife pays the bills, etc. Which, in addition to overcoming grief and life change, means adding responsibility for mourning. Immediately after the death of the couple, there are tasks to be completed. Planning and financing a funeral can be very difficult if pre-planning is not completed. Changes in insurance, bank accounts, life insurance claims, childcare safeguards are just some of the problems that can intimidate a bereaved person. Social isolation may also be imminent, as many groups of couples find it difficult to adapt to the grieving new identity of the bereaved person, and those who mourn have great challenges in reconnecting with others. Widows of many cultures, for example, wear black for the rest of their lives to signify the loss of their spouses and their grief. In just the last few decades, this tradition has been reduced to two years, while some religions such as Orthodox Christians, many widows will continue to wear black for the rest of their lives.

Parents' death

For children, the death of a parent, with no support to manage the effects of sadness, can result in long-term psychological harm. This is more likely if adult caregivers struggle with their own grief and are psychologically unavailable to children. There is an important role of a surviving parent or caregiver in helping children adapt to the deaths of parents. Research has shown that losing parents at a young age not only leads to negative outcomes; there are some positive effects. Some children have increased maturity, better coping skills and better communication. Teenagers reward others more than those who do not experience such imminent loss.

When an adult loses a parent in adulthood, he is considered "on time" and becomes a course of normative life. This allows the adult children to feel the level of grief allowed. However, studies show that the deaths of parents in middle-aged adults are not normative events of any size, but are the major life transitions that lead to an evaluation of one's life or death. Others may ostracize friends and family in processing the loss of someone who has the longest relationship.

An adult may be expected to overcome the death of the parents in a less emotional way; However, the loss can still create very strong emotions. This is especially true when death occurs in important or difficult life periods, such as when parenthood, at graduation, or at other times emotional stress. It is important to recognize the effects parents can have, and to overcome this effect. For adults, a willingness to be open to sadness is often reduced. Failure to accept and deal with losses will only result in further pain and suffering. "Grief is an open expression of your thoughts and feelings about death.This is an important part of healing."

Death of siblings

The loss of siblings can be a devastating life event. Nevertheless, your sadness is often the least liked or disregarded of the four major forms of sadness, especially with regard to adult siblings. Sad sisters are often referred to as' forgotten mourners' who are made as if their sadness is not as bad as their parents' sadness (N.a., 2015). However, sibling relationships tend to be the most significant longest relationship of age and siblings that have become part of one's life from birth, such as twins, helping to shape and maintain their respective identities; with the death of one brother comes the loss of part of the identity of the survivor because "your identity is based on their existence there."

Your relationship is a unique relationship, because they share a special bond and a common history from birth, have a particular role and place in the family, often complement each other, and share genetic traits. Brothers who enjoy close relationships participate in their daily lives and special events, vent, share joy, spend free time together (whether they are children or adults), and have relationships that not only exist in the present but often see the future together (even until retirement). The surviving brothers lost their "friendship and future" with their dead siblings.

Brothers who play a leading role in their respective lives are very important to each other. The adult siblings eventually expect the loss of aging parents, the only other person who has become an integral part of their life from birth, but they do not expect to lose their siblings early; as a result, when the siblings die, surviving siblings may experience longer periods of shock and distrust.

Overall, with the loss of siblings, an important part of the surviving relative's past, present, and lost future are also lost. If the siblings are not in good condition or close to each other, intense feelings of guilt can occur to surviving siblings (mistakes can also occur from survivors, unable to prevent death, argue with their siblings, etc.)

Loss during childhood

When parents or caregivers die or leave, children may have psychopathological symptoms, but they are less severe than in children with severe depression. The loss of parents, grandparents or siblings can be very disturbing in childhood, but even in childhood there is an age difference in relation to loss. A very young child, under one or two, can be found to have no reaction if a caregiver dies, but other children may be affected by the loss.

When trust and dependence are formed, resting no more than a breakup can cause problems in well-being; this is especially true if the loss is around a critical period such as 8-12 months, when attachment and separation are at their altitude information, and even the brief separation of the parent or other person caring for the child can cause difficulties.

Even when a child grows up, death is still difficult to understand and this affects how a child responds. For example, younger children see death more as separation, and may believe death can be cured or temporary. Reaction can manifest itself in "acting" behavior: return to previous behaviors such as thumb sucking, clinging to toys or angry behavior; although they do not have the maturity to mourn as adults, they feel the same intensity. As children enter pre-teen and adolescence, there is a more mature understanding.

Teenagers can respond with delinquency, or alternately become "over-achievers": unusual repetitive actions such as washing cars repeatedly or taking repetitive tasks such as sewing, computer games, etc. This is an attempt to stay above grief. Losing children as mentioned earlier can affect a child not only for physical illness but also emotional problems and an increased risk of suicide, especially in adolescence.

Children may experience sadness as a result of loss due to causes other than death. For example, children who are physically, psychologically or sexually abused often mourn for damages or lose their ability to believe. Since such children usually do not get support or acknowledgment from any source outside the family unit, this may be experienced as an unresolved grief.

Relocation can cause significant sadness especially if they are combined with other difficult circumstances such as negligent or abusive parental behavior, significant other loss, etc.

Lost friends or classmates

Children may experience the death of a friend or classmate because of illness, accident, suicide, or violence. Initial support involves reassuring children that their emotional and physical feelings are normal. Schools are advised to plan this possibility beforehand.

Guilt (or the guilt of the survivor, also called survivor syndrome or survivor syndrome) is a mental condition that occurs when a person feels he has made a mistake safely from a traumatic event when the other is not. This can be found among victims of combat, natural disasters, epidemics, among their friends and family who have died of suicide, and in non-mortal situations such as among those whose colleagues are dismissed.

Other losses

Parents may grieve for the loss of children through means other than death, for example through the loss of custody in divorce proceedings; termination of parental rights law by the government, such as in cases of child abuse; through abduction; because the child voluntarily leaves the house (either as an escape or, for older children, by legally leaving the house); or because adults refuse or can not connect with parents. This loss is different from the death of a child in the process of prolonged sadness or rejection because of the expectation that the relationship will be restored.

Sadness can occur after the loss of a romantic relationship (ie divorce or breaking up), calls, pets (loss of animals), homes, children leaving home (empty nest syndrome), siblings leaving home, friends, faith in one's religion, etc.. Someone who strongly identifies with their work may feel sad if they have to stop their work due to retirement, dismissal, injury, or loss of certification. Those who have experienced the loss of trust will often also experience some form of sadness.

Gradual blessing

Many of the above examples of death occur suddenly, but there are also cases that gradually lose something or someone. For example, the gradual loss of a loved one by Alzheimer's produces "gradual sadness."

The author of Kara Tippetts describes his death from cancer, dying "by degrees": "his body failed" and "his ability vanished". Milton Crum, writing about mourning gradually said that "every level of death, every characteristic death, every death of one's ability, is a happiness."

The Xtreme Aging Program of the Macklin Intergenerational Institute has exercises to simulate a gradual decline. Tata three sets of five sheets of note paper on the table. In set # 1, write down your five most enjoyed activities; in set # 2, write down your five most precious treasures; in set # 3, write down five of your dear ones. Then, "lose" them one by one, try to feel each loss, until you lose it all.

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Support

Professional support

Many grieving people do not need professional help. Some, however, may seek additional support from licensed psychologists or psychiatrists. And the sources of support available to the bereaved can include grief counseling, professional support groups or education classes, and peer-led support groups. In the United States, local hospice agents can provide the first contact for those seeking mourning support.

It is important to recognize when sadness has turned into something more serious, requiring contact with a medical professional. Sorrow can lead to depression or abuse of alcohol and drugs and, if left untreated, it can become quite severe to affect everyday life. It recommends contacting a medical professional if "You can not cope with grief, you are overuse of drugs or alcohol, you become very depressed, or you have a prolonged depression that interferes with your daily life." Other reasons to seek medical attention may include: "Being able to focus on anything else except the death of a loved one, constantly yearning or longing for a dead person, having a guilty mind or blaming yourself, believing you made a mistake or could prevent death , feeling as if life is not worthy to live, has lost your sense of purpose in life, may you have died along with your loved ones. "

Professionals can use a variety of ways to help a person cope and move through their grief. Hypnosis is sometimes used as an adjunctive therapy in helping patients who experience sadness. Hypnosis improves and facilitates mourning and helps patients to overcome traumatic sadness.

Lichtenthal and Cruess (2010) studied how blessed special written disclosure has benefits in helping to adjust to losses, and in helping to increase the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prolonged grief disorder, and depression. The directed paper helps many individuals who experience significant loss of relationship. It involves an individual trying to make sense of loss through making sense, , (understanding what happened and cause of death), or through the discovery of benefits (consideration of the global significance of the loss of one's goals, and helping the family develop an appreciation a bigger life). The making of this meaning can occur naturally for some, but many require direct intervention to "continue".

Support group

• Our Home is a non-profit Shaman Support Center located in Southern California that specifically helps children recover from the loss of parents, siblings, or close relatives. It hosts several programs, support groups, and camps to give individuals the space needed to grieve. Camp Erin takes place every two years and volunteers do handicrafts with children. It is also an opportunity for children to meet other children in similar situations.
• Donation Support Group - Griefshare is a Bible-sponsored support group sponsored by churches across the country for the loss of loved ones. This is a 13 week support group covering topics like What's normal, Challenge of grief, Relationships, Why ?, Extremely complicated factors, Stuck in grief, what am I going for now? This is a very powerful support group that gives people the tools to move through their grief in a healthy way. The 3 components of Griefshare are 1- videos, 2- group discussion time, 3- and workbooks. To find a local church in your area that has this support group
• available contacts Griefshare.org.
• Compassionate Friends - support groups for grieving parents, siblings and grandparents. National organizations in most English-speaking countries, with a comprehensive local group system.
• Stillbirth and the Neonatal Death Society (SANDS) - runs a network of local support groups across the UK.

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Cultural diversity in mourning

Every culture determines manners such as rituals, dress styles, or other habits, and attitudes, in which the mourning is encouraged or expected to take part. Non-Western cultural analysis shows that beliefs about the ongoing relationship with the deceased vary. In Japan, the maintenance of the relationship with the deceased is accepted and done through religious rituals. In the Hopi of Arizona, the deceased was quickly forgotten and life continued.

Different cultures mourn in different ways, but all have a very important way of dealing with the death of a loved loved one. The American family's approach to grieving is described in "The Grief Committee", by T. Glen Coughlin. The story gives an inside view of how American culture has learned to overcome the misery and the difficulties of sadness. (The story is taught in the course, The Politics of Mourning: Management of Sorrow in Cross-Cultural Fiction Columbia University)

src: nkbfoundation.org

In those with cognitive impairment

Some believe that those who have high levels of cognitive impairment, such as intellectual disability, can not process the loss of those around them, but this is not true; those with cognitive impairments such as intellectual disabilities can process sadness in a similar way to those without cognitive impairment. One of the major differences between those with intellectual disability and what does not, is usually the ability to express their feelings about loss, which is why non-verbal cues and behavioral changes are so important, as these are usually signs of distress and expression of sadness among the population this. This is important when working with individuals with this disorder that caregivers and family members meet with them where their level of function and allow them to process loss and sadness with the help provided where needed, and not ignore the sadness experienced by these people. An important aspect of the treatment of grief for those with intellectual disability is family involvement where possible, this may be a biological family or family made in group homes or clinical settings. By letting families engage in open and supportive dialogue with individuals, it helps them to process. However, if families are not properly educated about how these people deal with losses, their involvement may be of no use to those who are educated. The importance of family units is essential in a sociocognitive-cognitive approach to bereavement counseling. In this approach, individuals with intellectual disabilities have the opportunity to see how the people around them deal with losses and have the opportunity to act according to modeling behavior. This approach also helps individuals know that their emotions are good and normal.

src: www.grief.org.au

In animals

Previously it was believed that sadness was just human emotion, but research has shown that other animals have shown sadness or grief at the death of other animals. This can happen between bound animals that are animals that try to survive together (ie a group of wolf or mated meadows).

Mammals

Mammals have shown such states of sadness, especially between mother and her children. He will often stay close to his dead offspring for short periods of time and can investigate the reasons for the lack of a baby response. For example, some deer often sniff, poke, and look at the lifeless child of a deer before realizing that it dies and leave it to rejoin the flock shortly afterwards. Another animal, like a lioness, will take her child in her mouth and place it somewhere else before leaving it.

When a baby chimpanzee or gorilla dies, the mother will carry the body around for several days before being able to move without it; this behavior has been observed in other primates as well. Jane Goodall has described chimpanzees as behaviors that show sorrow for the loss of group members with silence and by paying more attention to it. And they will often continue to tidy up and stay close to the carcass until the group has to move without it. Another important example is Koko, a gorilla who uses sign language, who expresses sadness and even portrays a sadness about the death of his pet cat, All Ball.

Elephants, have shown unusual behavior when meeting with the remains of a dead elephant. They will often investigate it by touching and picking it up with their suitcases and having the whole herd standing around for long periods of time until they have to leave it. It is unknown whether they mourn over it and show sympathy, or just want to know and investigate the corpse. Elephants are considered capable of distinguishing relatives even from their bodies. An episode of the famous BBC Documentary Life on Earth shows this in detail - Elephants, having found dead herd members, pause for a few minutes, and carefully touch and hold the bones of the dead creature.

Bird

Some birds seem to lack the perception of sadness or quickly accept it - for example, Mallard's chicken, though shocked for a moment when losing one of them young to a predator, will soon re-do what they did before the predator is attacked. However, some other water birds, such as the mute swan, are known to mourn the loss of a spouse or cygnet, and are known to be involved in pining for days, weeks or even months at a time.

Animals monogamous

Another form of sadness in animals is when a person loses his partner; this can be very brutal when the species is monogamous. So when a pair of bonding species, such as a supported black wolf, loses its partner it can be very difficult to escape from the dead couple.

src: www.griefrecoverymethod.com

See also

src: cdn.psychologytoday.com

References

src: f4.bcbits.com

Further reading

• Black, H. K.; Santanello, H. R. (2012). "The Values ​​of Family Life in Grieving an Elderly Husband and Father". The Gerontologist . doi: 10.1093/geront/gnr148. PMC 3391382 . Newson, Rachel S.; Boelen, Paul A.; Hek, Karin; Hofman, Albert; Tiemeier, Henning (2011). "Prevalence and complicated grief characteristics in older adults". Journal of Affective Disorders . 132 (1-2): 231-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.021. PMID 21397336.
• Schmid, Wilhelm, What We Gain As We Grow Older: In Gelassenheit . New York: Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc. 2016 (Living Now Gold Award)
• Smith, M., Robinson, L., & amp; Segal, J. (1997). Depression in older adults and older people. Helpguide, Accessed February 08, 2012, from https://web.archive.org/web/20120313162709/http://helpguide.org/mental/depression_elderly.htm
• Span, P. (2011, 29 December). Unspoken diagnosis: Old age. The New York Times. Retrieved on February 08, 2012, from http://newoldage.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/29/the-unspoken-diagnosis-old-age/?ref=deathanddying
• Stengel, Kathrin, November Rose: A Speech on Death . New York: Upper West Side Philosophers, Inc. 2007 (Independent Book Publisher Award for Aging/Death & Dying)
• Yarbrough, Julie (2012). A Journey Through Grief: Beyond The Broken Heart, Retrieved April 1, 2012 from http://www.beyondthebrokenheart.com/resources/category,41

External links

• "Grieve: A study of loss" by Megan O'Rourke at Slate.com
• "Sorrow & Sorrow - An Overview by Counselor & Psychologist

Source of the article : Wikipedia