Ohio

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Ohio Ã, ( listen ) is the Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th largest in the world, and the 10 most populous populations of 50 United States. The largest state and municipal capital is Columbus.

The state takes its name from the Ohio River. This name is derived from the word Seneca ohi: yo ', which means "big river" or "big river". Partitioned from the Northwest Territories, the state was accepted in the Union as the 17th state (and first under the Northwest Act) on 1 March 1803. Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye Country" after the Ohio buckeye tree, and Ohioans is also known as "Buckeyes".

The Ohio government consists of an executive branch, headed by the Governor; a legislative branch, comprising the Ohio General Assembly; and judicial branches, led by the state Supreme Court. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as a state and a leader in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who have Ohio as their home country.

Video Ohio

Etimologi

Ohio comes from Seneca (Iroquois language) as their name for the Ohio River/Alleghany River, Ohi: yo . It's pronounced "Oh-hee-yoh," with the voice i held for an extra second. Folk etymology claims that this is translated as "Beautiful River," but it seems that the word can be broken down as "O -" (the pronounced prefix. Translated as "that" & amp; implies that anything about to follow it is considered a permanent condition of the item), "Hih" (verb for spill) & amp; "Gihedenyo" (noun, small river, small river). That is to say, the most plausible translation should be "The Continuous Creek," or "The continuously giving stream." The word for "tributary" is used instead of "river" because it still flows into a larger river, Mississippi.

Ohio's general accent shifts regularly, so there are several different ways accepted to say Ohio that has been common throughout the last century, such as "Oh-hai-yuh," "Uh-hai-yoh, " & amp; "Uh-hai-yuh." The latest shift is starting to appear something along the lines of "wh-hai-yuh."

Maps Ohio

Geography

Ohio's geographical location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Since Ohio connects Northeast to the Midwest, many cargo and business traffic pass through its border along well-developed highways. Ohio has the nation's 10th largest road network and is on a one-day drive of 50% of North American population and 70% of North American manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles (502 km) from the coastline, allowing for many cargo ports. The southern border of Ohio is defined by the Ohio River (with the border being in the low water mark of 1792 on the north side of the river), and many northern borders are defined by Lake Erie. Ohio's neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Lake Erie to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky to the south, and West Virginia to the southeast. The Ohio border is defined by metes and bounds in the Enabling Act of 1802 as follows:

It is bordered on the east by the Pennsylvania line, in the south by the Ohio River, to the mouth of the Great Miami River, to the west by a line drawn north from the mouth of Great Miami above, and to the north by the east and west lines drawn through the southern extremes Lake Michigan, run east after cutting the predetermined north line, from the mouth of Great Miami until it will cut Lake Erie or the territorial line, and from there with the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line above.

Ohio is bordered by the Ohio River, but almost all the rivers themselves belong to Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1980, the US Supreme Court declared that, by Virginia's termination of territory (which at that time included what is now Kentucky and West Virginia), the line between Ohio and Kentucky (and, by implication, West Virginia) is the lowest water mark in the north of the river as it was in 1792. Ohio only had a section of the river between the low water mark of 1792 and the current high water mark.

The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to the slight angle to the northeast to the north shore of the Maumee River estuary.

Most of the Ohio region has a glaciated to plain, with a very flat area to the northwest known as the Great Black Swamp. The glaciated area in the northwest and central states is bordered by east and southeast first by a belt known as the Glacial Plateau Allegheny, and then by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. Much of Ohio is low, but the uncharted Allegheny Plateau has steep hills and forests.

The rigid southeast quadrant of Ohio, stretching in a bow like the bow along the Ohio River from West Virginia Panhandle to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a different socio-economic unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, relics of coal mining in this area, reliance on small pockets of old manufacturing companies, and distinctive regional dialects govern this section from other parts of the country. In 1965, the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Development Act, an attempt to "overcome persistent poverty and growing economic desperation in the Appalachian Territory." This action defines 29 Ohio districts as part of Appalachia. While 1/3 of the Ohio mainland is part of the federally designated Appalachian region, only 12.8% of Ohio residents live there (1.476 million people).

Significant rivers in the country include Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, and Scioto River. The rivers in the northern part of the country flow into the northern Atlantic Ocean through Lake Erie and the St. Andrew River. Lawrence, and rivers in the southern part of the country flows into the Gulf of Mexico through the Ohio River and then Mississippi.

The worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire River Basin of Miami flooded, including the downtown business district of Dayton. As a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major floodplain engineering project in Ohio and the United States.

Grand Lake St Marys in the western part of the country was built as a water supply for canals in the era of the 1820-1850 canal construction. Over the years this water body, more than 20 square miles (52 km ² ), is the largest artificial lake in the world. The Ohio canal construction project is not an economic failure because similar efforts are made in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their industrial presence to locations on the canals, and by 1910 the interior canals carried most of the country's cargo.

Climate

The Ohio Climate is a humid continental climate (Climatic classification KÃÆ'¶ppen Dfa/Dfb ) in most countries except in the extreme southern part of the Bluegrass region of Ohio located in the northern suburbs of humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) and upland areas in the United States. Summer is usually hot and humid throughout the state, while winter generally ranges from cold to cold. Rainfall in Ohio averages all year round. Bad weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are usually fewer tornado reports in Ohio than in the state located in what is known as Tornado Alley. The severe snow-effect lake is also unusual on the southeast coast of Lake Erie, located in an area designated as Snowbelt.

Although most are not in a subtropical climate, some warm temperate flora and fauna reach the Ohio area. For example, some more southern-ranged trees, such as blackjack oak, Quercus marilandica, are found in their northernmost part of Ohio in the northern Ohio River. It also proves this climatic transition from subtropical climate to the continent, some plants such as South magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) , Albizia julibrissin (mimosa), Crape Myrtle, and even the occasional Palm Needle are strong landscape ingredients. regularly used as roads, yards, and garden plantings in the Bluegrass region of Ohio; but this same plant will not grow in many other states. This exciting change can be observed while traveling through Ohio on Interstate 75 from Cincinnati to Toledo; keen travelers from this diverse country can even catch a glimpse of the Cincinnati public lizard, one of the few examples of permanent "subtropical" fauna in Ohio.

Recordings

The highest temperature was recorded at 113 Â ° F (45 Â ° C), near Gallipolis on July 21, 1934. The lowest recorded temperature was -39 Â ° F (-39 Â ° C), at Milligan on February 10, 1899, during Great Blizzard in 1899.

41 Â ° 7? 19.1994? N 80Ã, Â ° 41? 2.3994? W ), near the Trumbull/Mahoning county border.

The Ohio Seismic Network (OhioSeis), a group of seismograph stations at several colleges, universities, and other institutions, and coordinated by the Geological Survey Division of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, maintains an extensive catalog of Ohio earthquakes from 1776 to the present day, as well as an earthquake located in another state whose effect is felt in Ohio.

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Large city

Columbus (home of The Ohio State University, Franklin University, Capital University, and Ohio Dominican University) is the capital of Ohio, near the geographical center of the state.

Other Ohio towns serving as centers of the metropolitan area of ​​the United States include:

• Akron (home of Akron University, Akron Art Museum, and Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company)
• Canton (home of Pro Football Hall of Fame, Malone University, and The Timken Company)
• Cincinnati (University of Cincinnati, Xavier University, Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Procter & Gamble, Kroger, Macy's Inc., and Third Fifth Bank)
• Cleveland (Cleveland State University, Playhouse Square Center, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Cleveland Orchestra, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Forest City Enterprises and University Hospital)
• Dayton (home of the University of Dayton, Dayton Ballet, Wright State University, Premier Occupational Partner, and National Museum of the United States Air Force)
• Five (home of Northwestern Ohio University)
• Mansfield (home of North Central State College and Mansfield Motorsports Park)
• Sandusky (Cedar Point House, and Kalahari Convention Center and Resort)
• Springfield (home of Wittenberg University)
• Steubenville (place Franciscan University of Steubenville)
• Toledo (home to Toledo University, Toledo Art Museum, Owens Corning, and Owens-Illinois)
• Youngstown (home of Youngstown State University and Butler Institute of American Art).

Note: The Cincinnati metropolitan area extends to Kentucky and Indiana, the Steubenville metropolitan area extends to West Virginia, the Toledo metropolitan area extends to Michigan, and the Youngstown metropolitan area extends to Pennsylvania.

The Ohio towns that serve as centers of the United States micropolitan area include:

• Ashland (home of Ashland University)
• Ashtabula
• Athens (home of the University of Ohio)
• Bellefontaine
• Bucyrus
• Cambridge
• Celina
• Chillicothe (home of the Ohio-Chillicothe University)
• Coshocton
• Defiance (home of Defiance College)
• Findlay (home of Findlay University)
• Fremont
• Greenville
• Marion (home of the Marion Popcorn Festival)
• Mount Vernon (home of Mount Vernon Nazarene University)
• New Philadelphia-Dover
• Norwalk (home of NHRA Summit Motorsports Park, headquarters of the International Hot Rod Association, and pioneer of the Fisher Body car company)
• Oxford (home to the University of Miami)
• Portsmouth (home of Shawnee State University)
• Salem
• Sidney
• Tiffin (home of Heidelberg College and Tiffin University)
• Urbana (home of Urbana University)
• Van Wert
• Wapakoneta (the birthplace of Apollo 11 astronaut, Neil Armstrong)
• The Washington Court House
• Wilmington (home of Wilmington College)
• Wooster (home of the College of Wooster)
• Zanesville (home of Zane State College).

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History

Native Americans

Archaeological evidence suggests that the Ohio Valley was populated by nomadic people as early as 13,000 BC. These early nomads disappeared from Ohio in 1000 BC, "but their material culture provides the basis for those who follow them." Between 1,000 and 800 BC, Adena culture persisted. As Ohio historian George W. Knepper noted, this sophisticated culture is "so named because of their cultural proofs dug up in 1902 on the land of Adena, the land of Thomas Worthington located near Chillicothe". Adena was able to build a "semi-permanent" village because they kept plants, including pumpkins, sunflowers, and possibly corn. This planting in addition to hunting and gathering supports denser and more densely populated villages. The most spectacular remains of the Adena culture are the Great Serpent Mound, located in Adams County, Ohio.

Around 100 BC, Adena evolved into the Hopewell people, named for the farm owned by Captain M. C. Hopewell, where their unique cultural evidence is found. Like Adena, the Hopewell people participated in the mound building culture. Their complex, large and technologically advanced land works can be found in Marietta, Newark, and modern Circleville. They are also a strong trading community, managing to knit together a network that passes goods on one third of the continent. The Hopewell, however, disappeared from the Ohio Valley in about 600 AD. Little is known about the people who replaced them, although many people speak Sansou from the Plains & amp; The East Coast claims them as ancestors & amp; saying they live all over the Ohio region until around. the 13th century. It is possible that the revival of Mississippian Culture was the fall of Hopewell, as they began to rise to prominence on the Mississippi River around the same time when Hopewell Culture died.

Researchers have identified three additional, different prehistoric cultures: Ancient Fort, Whittlesey Focus & amp; Monongahela Culture. These three cultures apparently disappeared in the 17th century, perhaps destroyed by a contagious disease spreading in the epidemic of early European contact. Native Americans do not have immunity to common European diseases. No one has ever definitively concluded people who have historically known they may have been analogous to. It is said, it is generally believed that Shawnees may have absorbed the Ancient Fort. It is also possible that Monongahela did not own land in Ohio during the Colonial Era. The Mississippian culture is close, contemporary with, and trades widely with the people of Ancient Fort.

American Indians in the Ohio Valley were heavily influenced by the aggressive tactics of the Iroquois Confederation, based in central and western New York. After the Beaver War in the mid-seventeenth century, Iroquois claimed most of the Ohio state as a hunt and, more importantly, the land of beavers. After the destruction of the epidemic and war in the mid-seventeenth century, largely emptying the native state of Ohio in the mid-seventeenth century, the land gradually became alive by most Algonquians. Many of the Ohio-state countries are multi-ethnic (sometimes multi-linguistic) societies born of previous destruction caused by disease, war, and subsequent social instability. They live off the farm (corn, sunflower, nuts, etc.) coupled with seasonal hunting. In the 18th century, they were part of a larger global economy brought about by Europe's entry into feather trade.

Indigenous nations to inhabit Ohio in periods of history include Iroquoian Petun (known for their Tobacco plantations), Erie (presumably from northeastern Ohio & western Pennsylvania, but possibly from Canada), Chonnonton (conquering their way down). from Canada during Beaver Wars before being defeated by Iroquois Confederacy & amp; their ally), Wyandot (a group of Petuns who became isolated around Cleveland after Beaver Wars generally misunderstood as Huron, most survivor Petun later joined), The Mingo Seneca (broke away from Iroquois Confederacy & moved to Ohio in the 18th century. Remaining about 100 years.) & Amp; The Confederate Iroquois (conquered most of Ohio in English heritage in the 1660s, driven back to Pennsylvania by France in 1701.), The Algonquian Miami (Most of Indiana.), Mascouten (brother of the Miamis tribe.) Spread over Beaver War, Mostly Relocated to Kentucky) Lenape (Arrived around the turn of the 18th century from the east coast), Shawnee (Taken from the Powhatan Confederation Finally came to the Ohio River & most likely joined some other lesser-known people in the region) & amp; ; Odawa (part of the Confederate that surrounds Lake Superior.Relocation to Michigan & Southwest Ohio around the American Revolution.) & Amp; Siouan Mosopelea (moved to Arkansas during Beaver Wars). The Ohio state is also the site of Indian massacres, such as the Yellow River Massacre, Gnadenhutten, and the Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre. Most Indigenous people living in Ohio are slowly bought and convinced to leave, or ordered to do so by law, at the beginning of the 19th century with the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Colonial era and Revolution

During the 18th century, France established a trading postal system to control the feather trade in the region. Beginning in 1754, France and Great Britain fought well known in North America as the War of France and India and in Europe as the Seven Years War. As a result of the Paris Treaty, the French surrendered control of Ohio and the rest of the Old Northwest to Great Britain.

The Pontiac uprising of the 1760s, however, posed a challenge to British military control. This ended with the victory of the colonists in the American Revolution. In the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the British submitted all claims to the state of Ohio to the United States. Northwest_Territory: _1787.E2.80.931803 "> Northwest Territories: 1787-1803

The United States created the Northwest Territory under the Northwest Act 1787. Slavery was not allowed in the new territory. The settlement began with the establishment of Marietta by the Ohio Company Association, formed by a group of American Revolutionary War veterans. After the Ohio Company, the Miami Company (also referred to as "Symmes Purchase") claimed the southwestern part, and the Connecticut Land Company was surveyed and settled in the Connecticut Western Preserve in Northeast Ohio today.

The old Northwest Territory originally belonged to a region formerly known as the State of Ohio and the State of Illinois. As Ohio prepares to become a state, the Indiana Territory is created, reducing the Northwest Region to about the size of today's Ohio plus the eastern part of the Lower Michigan Peninsula and the eastern tip of the Upper Peninsula.

Under the Northwest Ordinance, regions in the region can be defined and recognized as a state after their population reaches 60,000. Although the Ohio population numbered only 45,000 in December 1801, Congress ruled that the population was growing rapidly and Ohio could begin the road to statehood. The assumption is that it will exceed 60,000 residents at that time recognized as a country. Furthermore, in relation to Leni Lenape a Native American living in the area, Congress ruled that 10,000 acres on the Muskingum River in the state of Ohio today would be "separated and his property was given to the Moravian Brethren... or the Ikhwan society to civilize the Indians and promoting Christianity ".

Country Status: 1803-present

On February 19, 1803, US President Thomas Jefferson signed a Congressional act agreeing to Ohio's boundaries and constitution. However, Congress has never issued a resolution officially recognizing Ohio as the 17th country. The current Congress habits that declared the official date of the state did not begin until 1812, with Louisiana recognizing it as the 18th state. Although no formal resolution of acceptance was required, when supervision was discovered in 1953, Ohio Congressman George H. Bender introduced a bill in Congress to recognize Ohio to the Union retroactive to 1 March 1803, the date on which the first Ohio General Assembly convened. At a special session in the old state capital of Chillicothe, the Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood sent to Washington, D.C. on horseback. On August 7, 1953 (year of the 150th anniversary of Ohio), President Eisenhower signed a congressional joint resolution formally declared March 1, 1803, the date of Ohio's acceptance to the Union.

Ohio has three major cities: Chillicothe, Zanesville, and Columbus. Chillicothe was the capital from 1803 to 1810. The capital was later transferred to Zanesville for two years, as part of a state legislative compromise to get the bill passed. The capital was then transferred back to Chillicothe, which was the capital from 1812 to 1816. Finally, the capital was moved to Columbus, to have it near the geographic center of the country, where it would be more accessible to most of the citizens.

Although many Native Americans have migrated westward to avoid American encroachment, others remain in the state, sometimes partially assimilating. Leader Shawnee Tecumseh led the confederation of American Indians in the Tecumseh Rebellion, from 1811 to 1813. In 1830 under President Andrew Jackson, the US government forced the Indians Eliminate some tribes into the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River.

In 1835, Ohio fought with Michigan in the Toledo War, an unlimited border war over the Toledo Strip. Only one person was injured in the conflict. Congress intervened, making Michigan acceptance as a state dependent on ending the conflict. In return for releasing its claim to the Toledo Strip, Michigan is given two thirds of the western part of the Upper Peninsula, next to the third eastern part which is already considered part of the country.

The central position of Ohio and its inhabitants gave it a prominent place during the Civil War. The Ohio River is an important artery for troop movement and supply, as are Ohio trains. The Ohio industry made the state the most important state in the union during the Civil War. Ohio contributes more troops per capita than any other country in the Union. In 1862, his country's spirit was shaken after the battle of Shiloh, an expensive victory in which Ohio troops suffered 2,000 casualties. Later that year, when the Confederate troops under the leadership of Stonewall Jackson threatened Washington, D.C., Ohio Governor David Tod was still able to recruit 5,000 volunteers to provide service for three months. From July 12 to July 23, 1863, Southern Ohio and Indiana were attacked at Morgan's Raid. While these attacks are insignificant and small, it evokes fear amongst people in Ohio and Indiana. Nearly 35,000 Ohiois were killed in the conflict, and 30,000 were physically wounded. At the end of the Civil War, the three great United States - Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman, and Philip Sheridan - all came from Ohio.

In 1912, the Constitution Convention was held with Charles B. Galbreath as secretary. The results reflect the concerns of the Progressive Era. It introduces initiative and referendum. Also, it allows the General Assembly to ask questions on ballot papers for people to ratify legislation and constitutional amendments derived from the Legislature. Under Jefferson's principle that legislation should be reviewed a generation, the constitution is awarded for repeated questions that appear on Ohio electoral ballots every 20 years. The question asks if a new convention is needed. Although the question appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, it was never approved. In contrast, constitutional amendments have been filed by petition to the legislature hundreds of times and adopted in the majority of cases.

Eight US Presidents came from Ohio at the time of their election, giving rise to the nickname "Mother President," a nickname it shared with Virginia. It is also called "Mother of Modern President," in contrast to Virginia's status as the origin of the previous president in American history. Seven Presidents were born in Ohio, making it the second of the eighth from Virginia. William Henry Harrison born in Virginia lived most of his life in Ohio and was also buried there. Harrison made his political career while living in a family compound, founded by his father-in-law, John Cleves Symmes, in North Bend, Ohio. The seven Presidents born in Ohio are Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison (grandson of William Henry Harrison), William McKinley, William Howard Taft and Warren G. Harding.

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Demographics

Population

Of the approximately 45,000 inhabitants in 1800, the Ohio population grew at a rate of more than 10% per decade (except for the 1940 census) to the 1970 census, which recorded just over 10.65 million Ohioans. Growth then slowed over the next four decades. The US Census Bureau estimates that the Ohio population is 11,613,423 on 1 July 2015, a 0.67% increase since the US Census 2010. The growth of the Ohio population lags behind the rest of the United States, and Caucasians are found in greater than average densities United States of America. In 2000, Ohio's population center was located in Morrow County, in the county seat of Mount Gilead. It is about 6,346 feet (1,934 m) south and west of the Ohio population center in 1990.

In 2011, 27.6% of Ohio children under the age of 1 belonged to minority groups.

6.2% of Ohio's population is under five, 23.7 percent below 18, and 14.1 percent are 65 years of age or older. Women comprise about 51.2 percent of the population.

Birth data

Note: Births in the tables do not increase, as Hispanic people are well-regarded by their ethnicities and by their race, giving a higher overall figure.

Since 2016, Hispanic Hispanic data are not collected, but are included in a group of Hispanic ; Hispanic people may come from any race.

Ancestor

According to the US Census 2010, the composition of the Ohio race is as follows:

• White Americans: 82.7% (Non-Hispanic White: 81.1%)
• Black or African American: 12.2%
• Native Americans: 0.2%
• Asia: 1.7% (0.6% India, 0.4% China, 0.1% Philippines, 0.1% Korea, 0.1% Vietnam, 0.1% Japan)
• Pacific Island: 0.03%
• Two or more races: 2.1%
• Some other races: 1.1%
• Hispanic or Latino (of any race) reached 3.1% (1.5% Mexico, 0.8% Puerto Rico, 0.1% Guatemala, 0.1% Cuban)

In 2010, there were 469,700 foreign-born residents in Ohio, corresponding to 4.1% of the total population. Of these, 229,049 (2.0%) were naturalized US citizens and 240,699 (2.1%) were not. The largest groups are: Mexico (54,166), India (50,256), China (34,901), Germany (19,219), Philippines (16,410), United Kingdom (15,917), Canada (14.223), Russia (11,763), South Korea (11,307) , and Ukraine (10,681). Although predominantly white, Ohio has a large black population in all major metropolitan areas throughout the state, Ohio has a significant Hispanic population composed of Mexicans in Toledo and Columbus, and Puerto Rico in Cleveland and Columbus, and also has an Asian population which are significant and varied. in Columbus.

The largest group of ancestors (the Census defined as excluding racial terms) in the state are:

• 26.5% German
• 14.1% Ireland
• 9.0% English
• 6.4% Italian
• 3.8% Poland
• 2.5% French
• 1.9% of Scotland's population
• 1.7% Hungarian language
• 1.6% Dutch
• 1.5% Mexico
• 1.2% Slovak
• 1.1% Welsh
• 1.1% Scotch-Ireland

Ancestors claimed by less than 1% of the population include Sub-Saharan Africa, Puerto Rico, Switzerland, Sweden, Arabia, Greece, Norway, Romania, Austria, Lithuania, Finland, West India, Portugal and Slovenia.

Language

Approximately 6.7% of the population aged 5 years and over reportedly spoke languages ​​other than English, with 2.2% of the population speaking Spanish, 2.6% speaking other Indo-European languages, 1.1% speaking Asian and Austronesian languages, and 0.8% speak another. language. Numerical: 10,100,586 speaks English, 239,229 Spanish, 55,970 German, 38,990 Chinese, 33,125 Arabs, and 32,019 French. In addition to 59,881 spoke Slavic and 42,673 spoke other West Germanic languages ​​according to the Census 2010. Ohio also has the largest Slovenian-speaking population, the second-largest Slovak speaker, second-largest Dutch speaker (German), and Serbia's third-largest speaker.

Religion

According to a Pew Forum poll, in 2008, 76% of Ohio people were identified as Christians. Specifically, 26% of Ohio's population is identified as Evangelical Protestant, 22% as mainline Protestant, and 21% as Catholic. 17% of the population is not affiliated with any religious body. 1.3% (148,380) were Jews. There is also a small minority of Jehovah's Witnesses (1%), Muslim (1%), Hindu (& lt; 0.5%), Buddhist (& lt; 0.5%), Mormon (& lt; 0.5% ), and other religions (1-1.5). %).

According to the Association of Religious Data Archives (ARDA), in 2010 the largest denomination by its adherents is the Catholic Church with 1,992,567; United Methodist Church with 496,232; The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 223,253, the Southern Baptist Convention with 171,000, the Christian Churches and the Churches of Christ with 141.311, the united Church of Christ with 118,000, and the Presbyterian Church (AS) with 110,000. With about 70,000 people by 2015 Ohio has the second largest Amish population in all US states.

According to the same data, the majority of Ohio people, 55%, feel that religion is "very important," 30% say that "somewhat important," and 15% replied that religion "is not very important/not important at all." 36% Ohio residents indicated that they attended religious services at least once a week, 35% were present occasionally, and 27% rarely or never participated in religious services.

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Economy

In 2010, Ohio was No. 1. 2 in the country for best business climate by Site Selection magazine, based on database of business activity. The state has also won three consecutive Governor Cup awards from magazines, based on the growth and development of the business. By 2016, Ohio's gross domestic product (GDP) is $ 626 billion. It ranks the Ohio economy as the seventh largest of all fifty states and the District of Columbia.

Small & amp; Entrepreneurship Council rated the country no. 10 for the best business-friendly tax system in the 2009 Business Tax Index, including top corporate tax returns and capital gains rates which are both ranked No. 1. 6 at 1.9%. Ohio was No. 1. 11 by the council for the best policy-friendly countries according to their Small Business Continuity Index 2009. Guidance of the Board of Directors Board of Directors rated country no. 13 overall for the best business climate, including No. 7 for the best litigation climate. Forbes country ranking No. 8 for the best regulatory environment in 2009. Ohio has 5 of the top 115 colleges in the country, according to US News and World Report's 2010 rankings, and was ranked No. 1. 8 by the same magazine in 2008 for the best. Senior High School.

Ohio's unemployment rate reached 4.5% in February 2018, down from 10.7% in May 2010. The country still lacks 45,000 jobs compared to pre-registration number 2007. Labor force participation as of April 2015 was 63%, slightly above- national average. Ohio's per capita income is $ 34,874. By 2016, the average household income in Ohio is $ 52,334, and 14.6% of the population is below the poverty line

The manufacturing and financial sectors account for 18.3% of Ohio's GDP, making it Ohio's largest industry by a percentage of GDP. Ohio has the third largest manufacturing workforce behind California and Texas. Ohio has the largest bioscience sector in the Midwest, and is a national leader in a "green" economy. Ohio is the country's largest manufacturer of plastics, rubber, metal fabrication, electrical equipment, and equipment. 5,212,000 Ohio people currently work on wages or salaries.

By working, Ohio's largest sector is trade/transportation/utilities, employing 1,010,000 Ohioans, or 19.4% of Ohio workforce, while the health and education sector employs 825,000 Ohioans (15.8%). The government employs 787,000 Ohioans (15.1%), manufactures employ 669,000 Ohioans (12.9%), and professional and technical services employ 638,000 Ohioans (12.2%). Ohio's manufacturing sector is the third largest of all fifty states of the United States in terms of gross domestic product. Fifty-nine of the 1,000 leading public companies in the United States (based on revenue in 2008) are headquartered in Ohio, including Procter & amp; Gamble, Goodyear Tire & amp; Rubber, Steel AK, Timken, Abercrombie & amp; Fitch, and Wendy's.

Ohio is also one of 41 states with its own lottery, Ohio Lottery. The Ohio Lottery has contributed over $ 15.5 billion to public education in its 34-year history.

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Transportation

Travel overland

Many eastern-west transport corridors through Ohio. One of the pioneer routes, known at the beginning of the 20th century as the "Main Market Route 3", was chosen in 1913 to become part of the historic Lincoln Highway which was the first road across America, connecting New York City to San Francisco. In Ohio, Lincoln Highway connects many cities and towns together, including Canton, Mansfield, Wooster, Lima, and Van Wert. The arrival of the Lincoln Highway to Ohio greatly influenced the development of the country. After the emergence of a federal highway system in 1926, the Lincoln Highway through Ohio became 30 U.S. Routes.

Ohio is also home to 228 miles (367 km) of Historic National Street, now US Route 40.

Ohio has a highly developed road network and interstate highways. Major east-west routes include Ohio Turnpike (I-80/I-90) in the north, I-76 via Akron to Pennsylvania, I-70 via Columbus and Dayton; and Appalachian Highway (State Route 32) runs from West Virginia to Cincinnati. The main north-south route covers I-75 in the west through Toledo, Dayton, and Cincinnati, I-71 through the central part of the country from Cleveland via Columbus and Cincinnati to Kentucky, and I-77 in the eastern part of the country from Cleveland via Akron, Canton, New Philadelphia and Marietta south to West Virginia. Interstate 75 between Cincinnati and Dayton is one of the most interstate parts of Ohio.

Ohio also has a highly developed country bike route network. Many of them follow the tracks of rails, with ongoing conversions. The Ohio to Erie Trail (Route 1) connects Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland. The US Bicycle Route 50 crosses Ohio from Steubenville to the Indiana state line outside Richmond.

Ohio has several long-distance climbing trails, the most prominent of which is the Buckeye Trail which is a 1.444 mile (2,324 km) trajectory that surrounds the state of Ohio. Part of it is on the road and its part is on a wooded trail. In addition, the North Country Trail (the longest line of eleven National Scenic Trails endorsed by Congress) and the American Discovery Trail (a system of recreational and road passages that collectively form the coast-to-coast route across the mid-tier United States) pass through Ohio. Many of these two lines coincide with the Buckeye Trail.

Air travel

Ohio has five international airports, four commercial, and two military. The five internationals include Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, John Glenn Columbus International Airport, and Dayton International Airport, Ohio's third largest airport. Akron Fulton International Airport handles cargo and for personal use. Rickenbacker International Airport is one of two military airfields that is also home to the 7th largest FedEx building in America. Another military airfield is Wright Patterson Air Force Base which is one of the largest Air Force bases in the United States. Other major airports are located in Toledo and Akron.

Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport is in Hebron, Kentucky and therefore not listed above.

Transport list

• List of Ohio state highways
• List of Ohio train stations
• List of Ohio trains
• List of Ohio rivers
• Historic Ohio Channel

src: www.co.franklin.oh.us

Law and government

The state government of Ohio consists of executive, judicial, and legislative branches.

Executive branch

The executive branch is led by the Governor of Ohio. The current governor is John Kasich, a Republican elected in 2010. A governor lieutenant replaces the governor in the event of dismissal from office, and performs any duty assigned by the governor. The current lieutenant governor is Mary Taylor. Other elected constitutional offices in the executive branch are state secretary (Jon A. Husted), auditor (Dave Yost), treasurer (Josh Mandel), and attorney general (Mike DeWine).

Judicial Branch

There are three levels of Ohio state court. The lowest level is the general appeals court: each region maintains a constitutionally mandated constitutional court, which retains jurisdiction over "all justifiable". The intermediate court system is a district court system. Twelve appellate courts exist, each retaining the jurisdiction over the appeals of the general, city, and district appeals courts in a particular geographical area. A case heard in this system is decided by a panel of three judges, and each judge is elected.

The supreme court, Ohio Supreme Court, is the "final tribunal" in Ohio. The panel of seven judges established a court, which, in its sole discretion, heard the appeals of the appeals court, and retained the original jurisdiction over the limited.

Legislative branch

The Ohio General Assembly is a bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of 33 districts, each represented by one senator. Each senator represents about 330,000 constituents. The House of Representatives consists of 99 members.

National politics

Ohio, dubbed the "Mother of the President," has sent seven sons of her region (Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft, and Warren G. Harding) to the White House. The seven men are Republicans. Original Virginia William Henry Harrison, a Whig, lives in Ohio. Historian R. Douglas Hurt asserts that since Virginia "no country has made such a mark on national political affairs". The Economist notes that "This middle-eastern piece contains just a few of them - the northeastern and southern parts, some urban and partly rural, the poorest part of poverty and part of the booming suburbs", Ohio is the only state that has elected presidential candidates in every election since 1964, and in 33 of 37 held since the Civil War. No Republican ever won the presidency without winning Ohio.

In 2008, the demographics of Ohio voters leaned on the Democratic Party. An estimated 2,408,178 Ohio residents are registered to vote as Democrats, while 1,471,465 Ohio residents are registered to vote as Republicans. This is a change from 2004 of 72% and 32%, respectively, and Democrats have enrolled more than 1,000,000 new Ohioans since 2004. Unaffiliated voters have decreased by 15% since 2004, losing about 718,000 of their kind. Now the total is at 4,057,518 Ohioans. In total, there are 7,937,161 registered Ohio residents to vote. In the 2008 US presidential election, then Senator Barack Obama of Illinois won 51.50% of Ohio's popular vote, 4.59 percentage points more than his closest competitor, Sen. John McCain of Arizona (with 46.91% of popular votes). However, Obama only won 22 out of 88 counties in Ohio. Since 2010, the Republican Party has controlled most of Ohio's state politics, including the super majority in the state, the majority in the state Senate, the Governor, etc. In 2014, the state Senate is 1 Republic away from the majority.

After the 2000 census, Ohio lost a congressional district to the United States House of Representatives, which left Ohio with 18 districts, and as a consequence, 18 representatives. The country lost two more seats after the 2010 Census, leaving it with 16 seats for the next three presidential elections in 2012, 2016 and 2020. In the 2008 elections, Democrats won three seats in the Ohio delegation to the House of Representatives. This leaves eight Republican-controlled seats in the Ohio delegation. Ohio Senator Ohio at the 112th Congress was Republican Rob Portman and Democrat Sherrod Brown. Marcy Kaptur (D-9) is the dean, or the most senior member, of the Ohio delegation to the House of Representatives of the United States.

src: ohiostatebuckeyes.com

Education

The Ohio public education system is outlined in Article VI of the state constitution, and in Title XXXIII of the Ohio Revision Code. Ohio University, the first university in the Northwest Territory, was also the first public institution in Ohio. Substantively, the Ohio system is similar to that found in other states. At the State level, the Ohio Department of Education, which is overseen by the Ohio State Education Council, regulates primary and secondary education institutions. At the city level, there are about 700 school districts across the state. The Ohio Board of Regents coordinates and assists with Ohio higher education institutions that have recently been reorganized into the Ohio University System under Strickland Governor. The system averages an annual registration of over 400,000 students, making it one of the five largest public university systems in the US.

Colleges and universities

• 13 state universities
  • Bowling Green State University (Bowling Green)
  • Middle State University (Wilberforce)
  • Cleveland State University (Cleveland)
  • Kent State University (Kent)
  • The University of Miami (Oxford)
  • Ohio State University (Columbus)
  • University of Ohio (Athens)
  • Shawnee State University (Portsmouth)
  • University of Akron (Akron)
  • University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati)
  • The University of Toledo (Toledo)
  • Wright State University (Dayton/Fairborn)
  • Youngstown State University (Youngstown)
• 24 branches of state universities and regional campuses
• 46 private colleges and universities
• 6 state-assisted medical schools
  • Boonshoft School of Medicine (formerly known as the Faculty of Medicine at Wright State University)
  • Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University
  • Northeast Ohio Medical University
  • University of Ohio Medical University and Public Health
  • University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
  • University of Toledo College of Medicine (formerly University of Ohio Medicine)
• 15 colleges
• 8 technical colleges
• 24 independent non-profit colleges

Library

Ohio is home to some of the highest-ranking public libraries in the country. A 2008 study by Thomas J. Hennen Jr. putting Ohio as number one in state-to-state comparison. For 2008, all of Ohio's 33 library systems are all on the top ten list for American cities in their population category.

• 500,000 books or more
  • Columbus Metropolitan Library (First)
  • Cuyahoga County Public Library (Second)
  • Cincinnati Public Library and Hamilton County (Tenth)

Ohio Public Library Information Network (OPLIN) is an organization that provides Internet access for citizens of Ohio to their 251 public libraries. OPLIN also provides Ohioans with free home access to high quality subscription research databases.

Ohio also offers the OhioLINK program, which allows Ohio libraries (mainly from colleges and universities) to access materials for other libraries. The program is largely successful in enabling researchers to access books and other media that may not be available.

src: www.tripoyer.com

Culture

Art

Sports

Professional sports teams

Ohio is home to major professional sports teams in baseball, basketball, soccer, hockey, lacrosse, and soccer. The country's top professional sports teams include: Cincinnati Reds (Major League Baseball), Ohio Machine (Major League Lacrosse), Cleveland Indians (Major League Baseball), Cincinnati Bengals, Cleveland Browns (Cleveland National League), Cleveland Cavaliers ( National Basketball Association), Columbus Blue Jackets (National Hockey League), and Columbus Crew (Major League Soccer).

Ohio played a central role in the development of Major League Baseball and National Football League. The first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869, was held in Ohio. The early 20th century American soccer association, the Ohio League, is a direct predecessor of the NFL, although there is no modern Ohio NFL franchise that traces their roots to the Ohio League club. Pro Football Hall of Fame is located in Canton.

On a smaller scale, Ohio hosts a small league baseball, arena football, indoor soccer, medium-level hockey, and under-soccer football.

Individual Sports

The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course has hosted several racing championships, including CART World Series, IndyCar Series, NASCAR Nationwide Series, Can-Am, Formula 5000, IMSA GT Championships, American Le Mans Series and Rolex Sports Car Series. The Grand Prix of Cleveland also hosted the CART race from 1982 to 2007. The Eldora Speedway is the main land oval that hosts NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, World of Outlaws Sprint Cars and USAC Silver Crown Series races.

Ohio hosted two PGA Tour events, the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational and Memorial Tournament. The Cincinnati Masters is an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournament tournament and WTA Premier 5.

College sports

Ohio has eight college football teams NCAA Division I FBS, divided among three different conferences. It has also experienced great success at secondary and tertiary levels of college football divisions.

In Division I-A, representing the Big Ten, the Ohio State Buckeyes football team is ranked fifth among the all-time winning program, with seven national championships and seven Heisman Cup winners. Their biggest rival is Michigan Wolverines, which they traditionally play every year as the last game of their regular season schedule.

Ohio has six teams represented in the Mid-America Conference: University of Akron, Bowling Green, Kent State, University of Miami, Ohio University and University of Toledo. The MAC headquarters are in Cleveland. University of Cincinnati Bearcats represents Ohio in the American Athletic Conference.

src: forestry.ohiodnr.gov

Country symbol

Ohio state symbol:

• Capital of the country: Columbus (1816)
• Capital of the state potion: Gahanna (1972)

src: cdn.vox-cdn.com

See also

• Outline of Ohio - list of organized topics about Ohio
• Index of Ohio related articles

src: cdn.ohio.org

Note

src: cdn.ultiworld.com

References

• Cayton, Andrew R. L. (2002). Ohio: History of People . Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press. ISBNÃ, 0-8142-0899-1
• Knepper, George W. (1989). Ohio and Its People . Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87338-791-0
• Mithun, Marianne (1999). Native North American . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Morris, Roy, Jr. (1992). Sheridan: Phil Sheridan's Life and General War . New York: Crown Publishing. ISBN: 0-517-58070-5.
• Holli, Melvin G. (1999). American Mayor . State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN: 0-271-01876-3
• Roseboom, Eugene H.; Weisenburger, Francis P. (1967). Ohio History . Columbus: The Ohio Historical Society.

src: www.ccsoh.us

External links

• Ohio State Official Website
• Ohio State Facts from USDA
• US. Census Bureau (Ohio Quick Facts)
• USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources from Ohio
• Ohio in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
• Geographic data related to Ohio in OpenStreetMap

Source of the article : Wikipedia