crutches are mobility aids that move weight from foot to upper body. These are often used by people who can not use their feet to support their weight, for reasons ranging from short-term injuries to lifelong disabilities.
Video Crutch
History
Crutches are used in ancient Egypt. In 1917, Emile Schlick patented the first commercially produced crutches; The design consists of a stick with the support of the upper arm. Later, A.R. Lofstrand, Jr. developing the first crutch with high customizable features to make the crutches adjustable. Over time, crutch design has not changed much so that classic design is still the most used.
Maps Crutch
Type
There are several types of crutches:
Underarm or armpit
Axillary sticks are used by placing the pad against the rib under the armpits and holding the handle, which is below and parallel to the pad. They are usually used to provide support for patients who have temporary restrictions on ambulation. With armpit crutches, sometimes a towel or some kind of soft cover is required to prevent or reduce underarm injury. A condition known as cricket paralysis, or crutch palsy may arise from pressure on the nerves in the armpits, or underarms. In particular, "the axillary brachial plexus in the axilla is often damaged by the pressure of the crutches... In this case the radial is the nerve most commonly involved: the ulnar nerve suffers the next frequency."
An unusual type of axillary crutch is a spring crutch. The armpit is an open curved design in front with a hand-shaped handle for maximum comfort and to reduce the prevalence of excessive injury. This crutch also contains a spring mechanism at the bottom. The idea behind this design is to allow users to push themselves further, resulting in faster movement from one place to another, although research has shown that the difference in speed is very small when comparing standard axillary crutches to spring crutches. The crutches are most commonly used by young or athletic populations.
Lower Arms
A lower arm crutch (also known as an elbow crutch, a Canadian crutch or a "Lofstrand" crutch because a brand with this name) has a cuff at the top that surrounds the forearm. This is used by inserting the arm into the cuff and holding the grip. Hinged cuffs, most often made of plastic or metal, can be semi-circular or full circle with a V-type opening on the front that allows the forearm to slip off when dropped.
The forearm crutch is the dominant type used in Europe, whether for short or long term use. Outside Europe the arm crutch is more likely to be used by users with long-term disabilities, with axillary crutches more common for short-term use.
Platform
It is less common and is used by those who have poor hand strength or grip due to arthritis, cerebral palsy, or other conditions. The forearm is located on a horizontal platform and is usually tied in place with a velcro-type strap that allows the platform or trough to release in case of a fall. The hand holds an oblique handle which, in addition, should allow adjustment of the length from the trough to the handle and sway side to side depending on the user's defect.
Leg support
This non-traditional crutch stick is useful for users with injuries or defects that only strike one lower leg. They function by clamping the affected foot into a support frame that simultaneously holds the lower leg of the ground while moving the load from the ground to the user's knees or thighs. This crutch style has the advantage of not using a hand or arm when walking. The claimed benefit is that atrophy of the upper thigh is also reduced because the affected foot remains in use. Unlike other crutch designs this design can not be used for hip, hip or thigh injuries and in some cases for knee injuries as well.
A walking stick or stick has the same goal as crutches, but is only possessed in the hand and has limited restraining ability because of this.
Types of echo
One crutch
When using one crutch, the crutches are placed on the unaffected side of the foot.
Gait four points
Those who can tolerate partial weights on both feet typically use a four-point gait. The sequence is the right crutch, left foot, left crutch, right leg. It is the slowest of all the echoes but also the safest in three of the four points that come into contact with the ground at any given time.
Two-point Gait
Those who can tolerate heavy loads partially on both legs but require less support than the four-point style usually use a two-point force. Order the right crutch with the left foot and then the left crutch with the right foot.
Three-point Gait
The three-point gait is usually used by those who can not bear the weight on one leg. Both crutches forward while holding the load on the unaffected foot. Then the unaffected feet advance while holding the load on the crutches.
Swing-to Swing-to
A person with a weightless injury generally performs a "swing-to" force: lifting the affected foot, the user places both crutches in front of himself, and then swings his unharmed leg to meet the crutches. The same "swing-through" style of walking is when the two feet forward in front of the crutches rather than beside them.
Staircase
As you climb the ladder, the unaffected feet advance first, then the affected foot and the rod move forward. When descending the stairs, the crutches advance first and then the affected foot and the unaffected feet.
Alternate tools
Knee scooters and wheelchairs are a viable alternative for patients who can not use or dislike crutches. These wheel devices introduce additional restrictions, because they can not negotiate with the stairs.
Materials
- Wood
- Metal alloys (most often steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys)
- Carbon-fiber-reinforced composite or glass
- Thermoplastics
- Carbon fiber reinforced fiber
See also
- Assistive technology
- Walker
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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